Niveles plasmáticos de minerales y proteínas totales en hembras bovinas de diferentes categorías de edades bajo condiciones de producción
Fecha
2018-06
Autores
García Herrera, Ramón
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Fueron investigadas 135 hembras Holstein mestizas (H x C) de la Empresa Pecuaria ‟La Sierra”
del municipio de Corralillo provincia de Villa Clara bajo condiciones de producción, las cuales
fueron divididas en 7 grupos etarios experimentales:7-30 días (1 grupo de 15 animales), 31-70
días (1 grupo de15 animales), 71-120 días ( 3 grupos de 15 animales c/u) 7 más 120 de días (2
grupos animales c/u). La alimentación fue la convencional en condiciones de producción para
cada categoría animal. Se extrajo sangre para investigar sus contenidos plasmáticos de calcio,
fósforo, sodio, potasio, magnesio, hierro, cobre, zinc y proteínas totales, por métodos de
espectrofotometría de absorción atómica y ultravioleta correspondientes, siendo los resultados
valorados por el método de clasificación simple (ANOVA) y la valoración por el test de Duncan. De
los minerales osteotróficos se discuten que las tasas de las mismas reflejan estados de
subnutrición y baja fertilidad. Los macroelementos (Na y K) tuvieron valores superiores a los
normales, siendo en los mayores a 120 días de edad significativamente superiores (P<0,05) a los
de menor edad, lo que debe estar relacionado con deficiencias de manejo, alimentación y
suministro de agua. Con respecto a los microelementos los valores del zinc están cercanos al
nivel crítico inferior para la especie, siendo superiores (p<0,05) en los animales mayores a 120
días de edad con relación a los menores; los valores del cobre están cercanos al nivel crítico
inferior en los menores de 120 días y diferentes en los de mayor edad, lo que debe estas asociado
a excesos de azufre en el suelo; los niveles del hierro fueron inferiores (p<0,05) en las hembras de
más de 120 días de edad incorporadas a I.A. con relación a los restantes grupos etarios, siendo
en las hembras de 7-120 días de edad superiores al nivel superior normal, lo que debe estar
relacionado con la composición del suplemento mineral administrado. Las proteínas totales
mostraron niveles normales en todas las categorías de edades. Se concluye que las mayores
deficiencias están en las categorías etarias de 31-120 días, que es el período de desarrollo crítico
del bovino, presentándose cuatro recomendaciones.
Palabras clave: Proteínas totales, microelementos, macroelementos, suero sanguíneo, hembras
bovinas.
A total of 135 mestizo Holstein females (H x C) from the Cattle Company "La Sierra", located in the municipality of Corr alillo, Villa Clara province, were investigated under production conditions, they were divided into seven experimental age groups: 7 - 30 days of life (one group of 15 animals), 31 - 70 days (one group of 15 animals), 71 - 120 days (three groups of 15 animals ea ch), and older than 120 days (two animal groups). The feeding was the conventional for each animal category under production conditions. Blood was collected to determine the plasma levels of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc and total proteins by the corresponding spectrophotometry of atomic absorption and ultraviolet, the results were evaluated by the simple classification method (ANOVA) and Duncan's test. Among the osteotrophic minerals, were discussed that its levels r eflect states of undernourishment and low fertility. The macroelements (Na and K) had higher values than the normal ones, being significantly highest (P <0.05) in animals older than 120 days of life, which could be related to management deficits, feeding a nd water supply. Regarding the microelements, the zinc values were close to the lowest critical level for the specie, and were higher (p <0.05) in animals older than 120 days of life; the copper values were close to the lowest critical level in animals you nger than 120 days, which could be associated with sulfur excess in the soil; the iron levels were lower (p <0.05) in females older than 120 days incorporated into I.A. when compared with the other age groups, the females of 7 - 120 days showed values higher than the normal superior level, which could be related to the composition of the administered mineral supplement. Total proteins showed normal levels in all age groups. In conclusion, the highest deficiencies were in the age category of 31 - 120 days of lif e, which is the critical development period of the bovine, four recommendations were delivered
A total of 135 mestizo Holstein females (H x C) from the Cattle Company "La Sierra", located in the municipality of Corr alillo, Villa Clara province, were investigated under production conditions, they were divided into seven experimental age groups: 7 - 30 days of life (one group of 15 animals), 31 - 70 days (one group of 15 animals), 71 - 120 days (three groups of 15 animals ea ch), and older than 120 days (two animal groups). The feeding was the conventional for each animal category under production conditions. Blood was collected to determine the plasma levels of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc and total proteins by the corresponding spectrophotometry of atomic absorption and ultraviolet, the results were evaluated by the simple classification method (ANOVA) and Duncan's test. Among the osteotrophic minerals, were discussed that its levels r eflect states of undernourishment and low fertility. The macroelements (Na and K) had higher values than the normal ones, being significantly highest (P <0.05) in animals older than 120 days of life, which could be related to management deficits, feeding a nd water supply. Regarding the microelements, the zinc values were close to the lowest critical level for the specie, and were higher (p <0.05) in animals older than 120 days of life; the copper values were close to the lowest critical level in animals you nger than 120 days, which could be associated with sulfur excess in the soil; the iron levels were lower (p <0.05) in females older than 120 days incorporated into I.A. when compared with the other age groups, the females of 7 - 120 days showed values higher than the normal superior level, which could be related to the composition of the administered mineral supplement. Total proteins showed normal levels in all age groups. In conclusion, the highest deficiencies were in the age category of 31 - 120 days of lif e, which is the critical development period of the bovine, four recommendations were delivered
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Palabras clave
Proteínas Totales, Microelementos, Macroelementos, Hembras Bovinas., Total Proteins, Microelements, Macroelements, Bovine Females