Diversidad beta entre comunidades de peces de las Áreas Marinas Protegidas de la costa sur de Cuba
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Fecha
2018-06
Autores
Ramos Martínez, Eliany
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Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas.Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias.Departamento de Biología
Resumen
La diversidad beta es clave para la biodiversidad en general, con una utilidad importante en la implementación de estrategias de manejo y conservación. En este trabajo se analiza la influencia de la distancia geográfica y la composición de hábitats sobre la disimilitud entre las comunidades de peces de las Áreas Marinas Protegida de la costa sur de Cuba. Las comunidades de peces se caracterizaron a partir de los informes del proyecto “Aplicación de un enfoque regional al manejo de las áreas protegidas marinas y costeras en los Archipiélagos del Sur de Cuba” GEF/PNUD. Los componentes de la diversidad beta, recambio de especies y anidamiento, fueron calculados mediante el índice de disimilitud de Jaccard, y se aplicaron pruebas de Mantel para analizar la influencia de la distancia geográfica y la composición de hábitats sobre dichos componentes. En las Áreas Marinas Protegidas de la costa sur de Cuba se encontró una alta diversidad beta determinada por el recambio de especies en las comunidades de peces. Aunque el valor de anidamiento fue bajo, la mayoría de las AMP estuvieron altamente anidadas dentro del Parque Nacional Jardines de la Reina, debido a la alta diversidad de especies, el estado de conservación y el aislamiento de las comunidades de esta reserva. La distancia geográfica entre las AMP de la costa sur de Cuba no influyó significativamente sobre la diversidad beta. En cambio, la composición de hábitats fue determinante, lo que demuestra la fuerte asociación entre las especies y los hábitats en que viven.
Beta diversity is key to biodiversity in general, with an important utility in the implementation of management and conservation strategies. This paper analyzes the influence of geographical distance and habitat composition on the dissimilarity among fish communities of the Protected Marine Areas of the south coast of Cuba. Fish communities were characterized from project reports of the "Application of a regional approach to the management of marine and coastal protected areas in the Archipelagos of the South of Cuba" GEF/UNDP project. The components of beta diversity, species turnover and nestedness, were calculated using the Jaccard dissimilarity index, and Mantel tests were applied to analyze the influence of geographical distance and habitat composition on these components. In the Marine Protected Areas of the south coast of Cuba, a high beta diversity was found, determined by the species turnover among the fish communities. Although the nestedness was low, most of the MPAs were highly nested within the Jardines de la Reina National Park, due to the high species diversity, the conservation status and the isolation of communities of this reserve. The geographic distance between the MPAs on the south coast of Cuba did not significantly influence beta diversity. On the other hand, the habitat composition was decisive, which shows the strong association between the species and the habitats in which they live.
Beta diversity is key to biodiversity in general, with an important utility in the implementation of management and conservation strategies. This paper analyzes the influence of geographical distance and habitat composition on the dissimilarity among fish communities of the Protected Marine Areas of the south coast of Cuba. Fish communities were characterized from project reports of the "Application of a regional approach to the management of marine and coastal protected areas in the Archipelagos of the South of Cuba" GEF/UNDP project. The components of beta diversity, species turnover and nestedness, were calculated using the Jaccard dissimilarity index, and Mantel tests were applied to analyze the influence of geographical distance and habitat composition on these components. In the Marine Protected Areas of the south coast of Cuba, a high beta diversity was found, determined by the species turnover among the fish communities. Although the nestedness was low, most of the MPAs were highly nested within the Jardines de la Reina National Park, due to the high species diversity, the conservation status and the isolation of communities of this reserve. The geographic distance between the MPAs on the south coast of Cuba did not significantly influence beta diversity. On the other hand, the habitat composition was decisive, which shows the strong association between the species and the habitats in which they live.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Recambio de Especies, Anidamiento, Composición de Hábitats, Species Turnove, Habitat Composition, Biodiversidad, Peces