Superposición de nichos en asociaciones de peces de una laguna eutrofizada en Cayo Coco, Cuba
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Fecha
2018-06
Autores
Martínez Gómez, Yelianys
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas.Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias.Departamento de Biología
Resumen
Un problema fundamental en la ecología actual es identificar y relacionar los factores que
determinan la coexistencia de las especies. Existen dos hipótesis principales sobre los
procesos que pueden estructurar a las comunidades: la similitud límite y los filtros ambientales.
En este estudio se analizó cuál de estos mecanismos tuvo mayor influencia en la comunidad
de peces de Laguna Larga. Se realizaron muestreos desde junio de 2016 hasta marzo de
2017, utilizando el método de redes arrastre para la colecta de los individuos. Para
caracterizar los rasgos funcionales se hizo un análisis morfométrico de cada individuo. Se
analizó el balance entre los procesos de competencia y filtro ambiental en las asociaciones de
peces, y se determinaron las similitudes interespecíficas de los peces. La mayor riqueza de
especie se registró en el sitio Oeste, mientras que la mayor diversidad fue en el Este. En dicha
laguna las familias más dominantes fueron Gerridae, Scaridae y Gobiidae. En relación con la
dieta el predominio fue de individuos bentófagos. La coexistencia de las especies está
mediada por la competencia interespecifica de manera general. En cuanto a las similitudes
interespecíficas entre las especies se evidenciaron cuatro grupos principales en los que hubo
mayor similitud, unas agrupadas con especies taxonómicas relacionadas, mientras que otras
se agruparon porque tuvieron afinidades ecológicas.
Currently, a fundamental problem in the ecology is to identify and relate what factors determine species coexistence. There are two main hypotheses about the processes that structure communities: limiting similarity and environmental filtering. In this study it was analyzed which of these mechanisms has the greatest influence on the fish community of an eutrophic lagoon in Cayo Coco, Cuba. Samples were taken from June 2016 to March 2017, using a beach seine for the collection of individuals. To characterize the functional traits, a morphometric analysis of each individual was carried out. The balance between competition and environmental filter processes in the fish associations was analyzed, and the interspecific similarities of the fish were determined. The greatest species richness was found in the interior of the lagoon, although the greatest diversity was recorded near the communication channel with the sea. The most dominant families were Gerridae, Scaridae and Gobiidae. In relation to feeding habits, benthos feeder fishes were more abundant. In a general way, the coexistence of the species was mediated by interspecific competition. Regarding the interspecific similarities between species, there were four main groups with greater similarities, some grouped by taxonomically related species, while others were grouped by ecological affinities.
Currently, a fundamental problem in the ecology is to identify and relate what factors determine species coexistence. There are two main hypotheses about the processes that structure communities: limiting similarity and environmental filtering. In this study it was analyzed which of these mechanisms has the greatest influence on the fish community of an eutrophic lagoon in Cayo Coco, Cuba. Samples were taken from June 2016 to March 2017, using a beach seine for the collection of individuals. To characterize the functional traits, a morphometric analysis of each individual was carried out. The balance between competition and environmental filter processes in the fish associations was analyzed, and the interspecific similarities of the fish were determined. The greatest species richness was found in the interior of the lagoon, although the greatest diversity was recorded near the communication channel with the sea. The most dominant families were Gerridae, Scaridae and Gobiidae. In relation to feeding habits, benthos feeder fishes were more abundant. In a general way, the coexistence of the species was mediated by interspecific competition. Regarding the interspecific similarities between species, there were four main groups with greater similarities, some grouped by taxonomically related species, while others were grouped by ecological affinities.
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Palabras clave
Ictiofauna., Diversidad Biológica, Asociaciones de Peces, Nicho Ecológico