Diseño geotécnico de cimentaciones superficiales. Estudio de caso
Fecha
2018-06
Autores
León Franco, Bibiana
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Facultad de Construcciones. Departamento de Ingeniería Civil.
Resumen
Con el desarrollo tecnológico y el avance existente en la rama de la construcción actualmente, surge la problemática de que la propuesta de la Norma de Diseño Geotécnico de Cimentaciones Superficiales vigente en Cuba no cumple con los parámetros necesarios para el diseño, específicamente en los casos de suelos predominantemente friccionales con comportamiento no lineal. Por esta razón se realiza una actualización de los coeficientes para el cálculo de las características del suelo y se propone el empleo de nuevas metodologías para el diseño de las cimentaciones en este tipo de suelo.
Se realiza una validación de esta metodología de Diseño Geotécnico de Cimentaciones Superficiales haciendo una comparación entre los tres Métodos de Diseño más utilizados: Método de los Esfuerzos Admisibles (MEA), Método del Factor de Seguridad Global(MFSG) y el Método de los Estados Límites, el cual es el que está sugiriendo la nueva norma en fase de aprobación y publicación. Con esto se va a demostrar que a pesar que los MEA y MFSG son más fáciles y menos engorrosos, con el MEL se logran diseños más racionales y económicos.
Los casos de estudio que darán validación a lo antes planteado serán obras reales de las cuales se recopilaron los informes ingeniero-geológicos y demás datos necesarios para realizar el diseño geotécnico de las cimentaciones por los tres métodos antes mencionados. Dichas obras tendrán características diferentes: suelos friccionales, cohesivos, predominio de la carga axial etc. para analizar los criterios que predominan en el diseño y revisar los resultados en cada uno de los casos.
Con la aplicación de la metodología se demuestra la factibilidad de la utilización del Método de Estados Límite para el diseño geotécnico de cimentaciones superficiales.
With the technological development and the current progress in the branch of construction, the problem arises that the proposal of the Geotechnical Design Standard of Surface Foundations in force in Cuba does not comply with the parameters necessary for the design, specifically in the cases of predominantly frictional soils with non-linear behavior. For this reason, an update of the coefficients for the calculation of soil characteristics is carried out and the use of new methodologies for the design of the foundations in this type of soil is proposed. A validation of this methodology of Geotechnical Design of Surface Foundations is carried out making a comparison between the three most used Design Methods: Admissible Efforts Method (AEM), Global Safety Factor Method (GSFM) and the Method of the Limit States (MLS), which is the one that is suggesting the new norm in phase of approval and publication. This will show that although the MEA and MFSG are easier and less cumbersome, with the MLS more rational and economic designs are achieved. The study cases that will validate the aforementioned will be real works from which the geological-engineering reports and other data necessary to perform the geotechnical design of the foundations were compiled by the three methods mentioned above. These works will have different characteristics: frictional, cohesive soils, predominance of axial load, etc. to analyze the criteria that predominate in the design and review the results in each of the cases. The application of the methodology demonstrates the feasibility of using the Limit States Method for the geotechnical design of surface foundations.
With the technological development and the current progress in the branch of construction, the problem arises that the proposal of the Geotechnical Design Standard of Surface Foundations in force in Cuba does not comply with the parameters necessary for the design, specifically in the cases of predominantly frictional soils with non-linear behavior. For this reason, an update of the coefficients for the calculation of soil characteristics is carried out and the use of new methodologies for the design of the foundations in this type of soil is proposed. A validation of this methodology of Geotechnical Design of Surface Foundations is carried out making a comparison between the three most used Design Methods: Admissible Efforts Method (AEM), Global Safety Factor Method (GSFM) and the Method of the Limit States (MLS), which is the one that is suggesting the new norm in phase of approval and publication. This will show that although the MEA and MFSG are easier and less cumbersome, with the MLS more rational and economic designs are achieved. The study cases that will validate the aforementioned will be real works from which the geological-engineering reports and other data necessary to perform the geotechnical design of the foundations were compiled by the three methods mentioned above. These works will have different characteristics: frictional, cohesive soils, predominance of axial load, etc. to analyze the criteria that predominate in the design and review the results in each of the cases. The application of the methodology demonstrates the feasibility of using the Limit States Method for the geotechnical design of surface foundations.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Diseño Geotécnico, Cimentaciones Superficiales, Suelos, Método de los Esfuerzos Admisibles (MEA), Método del Factor de Seguridad Global(MFSG), Método de los Estados Límites