Estudio y caracterización de la vivienda suburbana del Movimiento Moderno en Cienfuegos
Fecha
2018-06
Autores
Cárdenas Montero, Ernesto Alejandro
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Facultad de Construcciones. Departamento de Arquitectura.
Resumen
El Movimiento Moderno llega a Cienfuegos en la década de los cincuenta del siglo xx, a través de una expansión constructiva que realzó la imagen de la ciudad, especialmente en los repartos de nueva construcción y enfocada principalmente en el tema vivienda. Este estilo arquitectónico-estilístico en la isla aún no posee el reconocimiento que ha ganado en el devenir histórico. Existen valiosos estudios realizados sobre este en la capital del país, y otros de igual valor, aunque en menor cantidad, en otras regiones de la isla. En Cienfuegos aún no existe una completa catalogalización de las edificaciones de Movimiento Moderno que recojan datos de archivo relevantes. Esto llevó a la problemática científica de una carencia en la catalogalización y caracterización de las obras más representativas del Movimiento Moderno en la ciudad de Cienfuegos, se fijó así el objetivo general de determinar y caracterizar las regularidades de viviendas sub-urbanas representativas de este estilo arquitectónico en los repartos de Punta Gorda y Playa Alegre, donde obtuvo su máximo esplendor. Se presenta el marco teórico-metodológico de trabajo, en el que se exponen métodos de análisis, así como definiciones de tipo, tipología y Movimiento Moderno. Se da una breve reseña del surgimiento y evolución de este estilo y su llegada a América Latina y Cuba, específicamente a la región de Cienfuegos, enfatizando en el tema vivienda. Se realiza el estudio y la caracterización a las viviendas más representativas del Movimiento Moderno en la ciudad de Cienfuegos, ubicadas en los repartos Punta Gorda y Playa Alegre, para lo cual se utilizaron tres variables principales, solución planimétrica y espacial, solución formal y afiliación estilística. Se identifican así los tipos vigentes en la arquitectura de la ciudad y se dan los datos de archivo que validan los presupuestos recogidos. Se muestra así el alto valor histórico- arquitectónico de este movimiento fuertemente vinculado a la historia e imagen citadina de Cienfuegos, así como la necesidad de su salvaguarda y conservación.
The Modern Movement arrives in Cienfuegos in the 50s of the 20th century, through a constructive expansion that enhanced the image of the city, especially in new construction deals and focused mainly on housing. This architectural-stylistic style on the island still does not possess the recognition it has gained in the historical evolution. There are valuable studies on this in the capital of the country, and others of equal value, although in smaller quantities, in other regions of the island. In Cienfuegos, there is not yet a complete cataloging of Modern Movement buildings that collect relevant archive data. This led to the scientific problem of a lack in the cataloging and characterization of the most representative works of the Modern Movement in the city of Cienfuegos, thus, the general objective of determining and characterizing the regularities of sub-urban housing representative of the Modern Movement in the districts of Punta Gorda and Playa Alegre of the City of Cienfuegos was established, where it obtained its maximum splendor. The theoretical-methodological framework of work is presented in this paper, in which methods of analysis of the Modern Movement are exposed, as well as definitions of type, typology and Modern Movement. There is a brief review of the emergence and evolution of this movement and its arrival in Latin America and Cuba, specifically in the Cienfuegos region, emphasizing the issue of housing. The study and characterization of the most representative dwellings of the Modern Movement in the City of Cienfuegos, located in the Punta Gorda and Playa. Three variables were used in the methodological work process; these are, planimetric and spatial solution, stylistic affiliation and formal solution. The valid types in the architecture of the city are identified and the archival data that validate the collected budgets are given. Showing thus the high historical-architectural value of this movement strongly tied to the history and city image of the City of Cienfuegos, as well as the need for its safeguarding and conservation.
The Modern Movement arrives in Cienfuegos in the 50s of the 20th century, through a constructive expansion that enhanced the image of the city, especially in new construction deals and focused mainly on housing. This architectural-stylistic style on the island still does not possess the recognition it has gained in the historical evolution. There are valuable studies on this in the capital of the country, and others of equal value, although in smaller quantities, in other regions of the island. In Cienfuegos, there is not yet a complete cataloging of Modern Movement buildings that collect relevant archive data. This led to the scientific problem of a lack in the cataloging and characterization of the most representative works of the Modern Movement in the city of Cienfuegos, thus, the general objective of determining and characterizing the regularities of sub-urban housing representative of the Modern Movement in the districts of Punta Gorda and Playa Alegre of the City of Cienfuegos was established, where it obtained its maximum splendor. The theoretical-methodological framework of work is presented in this paper, in which methods of analysis of the Modern Movement are exposed, as well as definitions of type, typology and Modern Movement. There is a brief review of the emergence and evolution of this movement and its arrival in Latin America and Cuba, specifically in the Cienfuegos region, emphasizing the issue of housing. The study and characterization of the most representative dwellings of the Modern Movement in the City of Cienfuegos, located in the Punta Gorda and Playa. Three variables were used in the methodological work process; these are, planimetric and spatial solution, stylistic affiliation and formal solution. The valid types in the architecture of the city are identified and the archival data that validate the collected budgets are given. Showing thus the high historical-architectural value of this movement strongly tied to the history and city image of the City of Cienfuegos, as well as the need for its safeguarding and conservation.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Vivienda Suburbana, Movimiento Moderno, Cienfuegos, Arquitectura Moderna, Urbanismo