Análisis de ciclo de vida de la producción de zumo de mango orgánico
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Fecha
2015-06-25
Autores
Ferrer Falcón, Enedelsy
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Editor
Universidad Cetral "Marta Abreu " de Las Villas
Resumen
El presente trabajo se refiere al uso del Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) como una herramienta para evaluar los impactos ambientales de producciones ecológicas, obteniéndose una evaluación cuantitativa de los impactos que producen estos productos durante todo su ciclo de vida.
El objetivo del estudio estuvo encaminado a la producción de zumos ecológicos específicamente el zumo de mango, en Cuba. Se utilizó el software profesional SimaPro 6.0 creado por Pre Consultant para la evaluación de los impactos ambientales, para realizar este análisis se empleó una metodología que incluye todas las fases de la producción de jugo para su evaluación ambiental mediante el Ecoindicador 99, donde se pueden apreciar los procesos que mayor influencia tienen en el Ciclo de Vida, se obtiene que en la etapa agrícola el mayor impacto es por al uso de la tierra y en menor medida debido al uso de combustible para la transportación de la materia prima a la fabrica, en la etapa industrial influye principalmente el consumo de combustible empleado en la caldera para la generación de vapor utilizado en la producción y la etapa de distribución y consumo, la mayor influencia viene dada por el empleo de combustible en la transportación lo cual genera un gran número de sustancias que son emitidas a la atmósfera.
La determinación de los puntos calientes permitió proponer un conjunto de medidas que contribuyen a la disminución de los impactos, lo cuál hace esta producción más sostenible.
The present work refers to the use of the Analysis of Cycle of Life (ACV) like a tool to evaluate the environmental impacts of ecological productions, being obtained a quantitative evaluation of the impacts that you/they produce these products during all its cycle of life. The objective of the study was guided to the production of ecological juices specifically the mango juice, in Cuba. The professional software SimaPro 6.0 created by Pre Consultant for the evaluation of the environmental impacts was used, to carry out this analysis a methodology it was used that includes all the phases of the production of juice for its environmental evaluation by means of the Ecoindicador 99, where the processes can be appreciated that bigger influence has in the Cycle of Life, it is obtained that in the agricultural stage the biggest impact is for to the use of the earth and in smaller measure due to the use of fuel for the transportation of the matter prevails to it manufactures it, in the industrial stage it influences mainly the consumption of fuel employee in the boiler for the generation of vapor used in the production and the distribution stage and consumption, the biggest influence comes given by the employment of fuel in the transportation that which generates a great number of substances that you/they are emitted to the atmosphere. The determination of the hot points allowed to propose a group of measures that you/they contribute to the decrease of the impacts, it which this more sustainable production makes.
The present work refers to the use of the Analysis of Cycle of Life (ACV) like a tool to evaluate the environmental impacts of ecological productions, being obtained a quantitative evaluation of the impacts that you/they produce these products during all its cycle of life. The objective of the study was guided to the production of ecological juices specifically the mango juice, in Cuba. The professional software SimaPro 6.0 created by Pre Consultant for the evaluation of the environmental impacts was used, to carry out this analysis a methodology it was used that includes all the phases of the production of juice for its environmental evaluation by means of the Ecoindicador 99, where the processes can be appreciated that bigger influence has in the Cycle of Life, it is obtained that in the agricultural stage the biggest impact is for to the use of the earth and in smaller measure due to the use of fuel for the transportation of the matter prevails to it manufactures it, in the industrial stage it influences mainly the consumption of fuel employee in the boiler for the generation of vapor used in the production and the distribution stage and consumption, the biggest influence comes given by the employment of fuel in the transportation that which generates a great number of substances that you/they are emitted to the atmosphere. The determination of the hot points allowed to propose a group of measures that you/they contribute to the decrease of the impacts, it which this more sustainable production makes.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Análisis de Ciclo de Vida, Producción más limpia, Impactos Ambientales