Optimización de decisiones logísticas en Cadenas de Suministro de biomasa cañera para cogeneración de energía en Cuba
Fecha
2017
Autores
Piedra Jiménez, Frank Cecilio
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica e Industrial. Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial
Resumen
La presente tesis de maestría constituye la primera de dos etapas de investigación definidas para dar solución a la situación problemática descrita. Es por ello, que en esta investigación se presenta un modelo matemático para optimizar decisiones estratégicas y tácticas en cadenas de suministro (CS) de biomasa cañera para cogeneración de energía eléctrica en Cuba. El modelo matemático propuesto integra objetivos económicos, soporte varias decisiones tácticas y estratégicas como localización, asignación, capacidad y tecnología de instalaciones, así como diseño del flujo material y asignación de transporte.
Las características del problema permiten modelarlo utilizando programación lineal entera mixta (MILP). La factibilidad del modelo propuesto fue probada mediante su aplicación parcial en un caso estudio donde se examina la CS de biomasa cañera para cogeneración en la región de Villa Clara. El resultado de la aplicación parcial del modelo permitió obtener la asignación de centrales tributarios a bioeléctricas, así como la asignación de medios de transporte entre nodos y el flujo óptimo entre instalaciones obteniéndose como resultado óptimo un costo total equivalente a 1.815 MMUSD/año. La propuesta, como modelo determinista, no considera la variabilidad relacionada con ciertos parámetros que pueden ser un obstáculo importante. Sin embargo, un análisis de la sensibilidad de los factores que influyen debe dar una idea de los cambios inducidos en la CS, el análisis de sensibilidad en este trabajo investiga la influencia de la incertidumbre en la producción de biomasa. Como resultado solo en el escenario B varía la asignación realizada respecto al escenario base. Además, se pudo comprobar que solo en el escenario B existe demanda insatisfecha de biomasa para generar electricidad fuera de zafra y el costo de transporte es en todos los escenarios el que mayor impacto tiene en los costos totales de la CS.
The present master's thesis constitutes the first of two stages of investigation defined to give solution to the problematic situation described. For this reason, this research presents a mathematical model to optimize strategic and tactical decisions in supply chains of sugarcane biomass for cogeneration of electricity in Cuba, taking as a case study the Sugar Mill Company of Villa Clara. The proposed mathematical model integrates economic objectives, supports several tactical and strategic decisions such as location, allocation, capacity and facilities technology, as well as material flow design and transport allocation. The characteristics of the problem allow modeling using Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). The feasibility of the proposed model was tested through its partial application in a case study where the CS of biomass cane for cogeneration in the Villa Clara region is examined. The result of the partial application of the model allowed obtaining the assignment of tributary power plants to bioelectric plants, as well as the allocation of means of transport between nodes and the optimum flow between facilities, obtaining as an optimal result a total cost equivalent to 1,815 MMUSD / year. The proposal, as a deterministic model, does not consider the variability related to certain parameters that can be a major obstacle. However, an analysis of the sensitivity of the influencing factors should give an idea of the changes induced in the CS, the sensitivity analysis in this work investigates the influence of uncertainty in the production of biomass. As a result, only in scenario B does the assignment made vary with respect to the base scenario. In addition, it was found that only in scenario B there is an unsatisfied demand for biomass to generate electricity outside of harvest and the cost of transport is in all scenarios that has the greatest impact on the total costs of the
The present master's thesis constitutes the first of two stages of investigation defined to give solution to the problematic situation described. For this reason, this research presents a mathematical model to optimize strategic and tactical decisions in supply chains of sugarcane biomass for cogeneration of electricity in Cuba, taking as a case study the Sugar Mill Company of Villa Clara. The proposed mathematical model integrates economic objectives, supports several tactical and strategic decisions such as location, allocation, capacity and facilities technology, as well as material flow design and transport allocation. The characteristics of the problem allow modeling using Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). The feasibility of the proposed model was tested through its partial application in a case study where the CS of biomass cane for cogeneration in the Villa Clara region is examined. The result of the partial application of the model allowed obtaining the assignment of tributary power plants to bioelectric plants, as well as the allocation of means of transport between nodes and the optimum flow between facilities, obtaining as an optimal result a total cost equivalent to 1,815 MMUSD / year. The proposal, as a deterministic model, does not consider the variability related to certain parameters that can be a major obstacle. However, an analysis of the sensitivity of the influencing factors should give an idea of the changes induced in the CS, the sensitivity analysis in this work investigates the influence of uncertainty in the production of biomass. As a result, only in scenario B does the assignment made vary with respect to the base scenario. In addition, it was found that only in scenario B there is an unsatisfied demand for biomass to generate electricity outside of harvest and the cost of transport is in all scenarios that has the greatest impact on the total costs of the
Descripción
Palabras clave
Logística, Cadena de Suministro, Biomasa Cañera