Caracterización de los bio-aceites obtenidos a partir de la pirólisis rápida de residuos de la caña de azúcar con y sin tratamiento previo
Fecha
2019
Autores
Martínez Pérez, Yassel
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Editor
Universidad Central ``Marta Abreu`` de Las Villas. Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica e Industrial. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica
Resumen
La generación de energía es un proceso industrial que puede desarrollarse mediante el uso de fuentes renovables y no renovables; los combustibles fósiles se encuentran amenazados debido a su utilización desproporcionada e intensiva, además de provocar múltiples daños al ambiente. Por lo tanto, resulta necesario buscar alternativas sustentables y ecológicas para la generación de energía. La pirólisis es un proceso de termo-conversión que ha recibido especial atención ya que puede convertir la biomasa en productos sólidos, líquidos y gaseosos. En la pirólisis rápida se obtiene en mayor proporción productos líquidos (bio-aceites). La utilización de combustibles de origen vegetal constituye una solución factible y sustentable. Es por ello que el objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar y comparar reológicamente los bio-aceites obtenidos a partir de la pirólisis rápida del bagazo (SCB) y la paja de caña (SCT) sin tratamiento o con tratamiento con solución de ácido cítrico (SCB-CA, SCT-CA) previo a la pirólisis. Para realizar la caracterización reológica se utilizó la ecuación de regresión según el modelo de Ostwald-de Waele y se realizaron resultados como pH, contenido de sólido y contenido de agua, suministrados por otros autores. La clasificación de las muestras según el índice de pseudoplasticidad reveló que las muestras de SCB sin tratar y las SCB y SCT tratadas con ácido cítrico son fluidos pseudoplásticos (n < 1) sin embargo, la muestra de SCT sin tratar presentó separación de fase por lo que no fue posible hacer mediciones en el viscosímetro rotatorio.
The generation of energy is an industrial process that can be developed through the use of renewable and non-renewable sources; fossil fuels are threatened due to their disproportionate and intensive use, in addition to causing multiple damage to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to look for sustainable and ecological alternatives for the generation of energy. Pyrolysis is a thermo-conversion process that has received special attention because it can convert biomass into solid, liquid and gaseous products. In fast pyrolysis, liquid products (bio-oils) are obtained in greater proportion. The use of fuels of vegetable origin is a feasible and sustainable solution. Thus, the objective of this research is to characterize and compare rheologically the bio-oils obtained from fast pyrolysis of bagasse (SCB) and sugarcane trash (SCT) without treatment or with treatment with citric acid solution (SCB-CA and SCT-CA) prior to pyrolysis. To perform the rheological characterization, the regression equation was used according to the Ostwald-de Waele model, and results such as pH, solids content and water content were provided by other authors. The classification of the samples according to the pseudoplasticity behavior index revealed that the untreated SCB samples and the SCB and SCT treated with citric acid are pseudoplastic fluids (n < 1) however, the untreated SCT sample presented phase separation so was no possible to make measurements in the rotary viscometer.
The generation of energy is an industrial process that can be developed through the use of renewable and non-renewable sources; fossil fuels are threatened due to their disproportionate and intensive use, in addition to causing multiple damage to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to look for sustainable and ecological alternatives for the generation of energy. Pyrolysis is a thermo-conversion process that has received special attention because it can convert biomass into solid, liquid and gaseous products. In fast pyrolysis, liquid products (bio-oils) are obtained in greater proportion. The use of fuels of vegetable origin is a feasible and sustainable solution. Thus, the objective of this research is to characterize and compare rheologically the bio-oils obtained from fast pyrolysis of bagasse (SCB) and sugarcane trash (SCT) without treatment or with treatment with citric acid solution (SCB-CA and SCT-CA) prior to pyrolysis. To perform the rheological characterization, the regression equation was used according to the Ostwald-de Waele model, and results such as pH, solids content and water content were provided by other authors. The classification of the samples according to the pseudoplasticity behavior index revealed that the untreated SCB samples and the SCB and SCT treated with citric acid are pseudoplastic fluids (n < 1) however, the untreated SCT sample presented phase separation so was no possible to make measurements in the rotary viscometer.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Energía Renovable, Medio Ambiente, Gestión Energética, Pirólisis, Industria Azucarera, Caña de Azúcar, Biomasa