Análisis del potencial de contaminación de los residuos sólidos mineros de la Planta de Procesamiento de Minerales Auríferos de Placetas
Fecha
2019
Autores
Pérez Alfonso, Dainys
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Licenciatura en Química
Resumen
En el presente trabajo se determinó el potencial de contaminación de los Residuos Sólidos Mineros (RSM) de la Planta de Procesamiento de Minerales Auríferos del Municipio de Placetas, procedentes de las menas Oro Descanso (OD) y Lote Grande (LG). Se determinaron las características geoquímicas generales: pH acuoso, pH potásico, materia orgánica y conductividad eléctrica. Se encontraron valores de pH básicos, alta conductividad eléctrica y bajos porcientos de materia orgánica, para ambas menas en general. Se evaluó la peligrosidad de los RSM a través de extracciones simples empleando agua desionizada y test SPLP, y ensayo de biodisponibilidad con el agente quelante DTPA. Los RSM resultaron peligrosos para el medio ambiente según lo establecido por las NC 93-02 y NC 27-2012. Se obtuvieron, en el ensayo con DTPA, los mayores valores de concentraciones para la mena OD, aunque de manera general ambos RSM presentaron una elevada biodisponibilidad. Finalmente, se realizó una extracción secuencial BCR para los metales Fe, Ni, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, Cd, Mn y Pb en el RSM, obteniéndose la mayor concentración de los mismos en la fracción residual, por lo que ambos RSM presentan una baja movilidad.
The present work was conducted to determine the potential of contamination of solid mining waste (MSW) of the Processing Plant of Auriferous Minerals of the Municipality of Placetas, coming from the ores Oro Descanso (OD) and Lote Grande (LG). The general geochemical characteristics were determined: aqueous pH, potassium pH, organic matter and electrical conductivity. We found basic pH values, high electrical conductivity and low percentage of organic matter, for both ores in general. The dangerousness of the MSW was evaluated trough simple extractions using deionized water and SPLP test, and bioavailability test with the DTPA chelating agent. The MSW were dangerous for the environment as establish by NC 93-02 and NC 27-2012. The highest concentration values for the OD ore were obtained for the DTPA assay, although in general both MSW presented a low bioavailability. Finally, a sequential extraction BCR was made for the metals Fe, Ni, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, Cd, Mn and Pb in the MSW, getting the highest concentración of the residual fraction, so both MSW have a low mobility. Key words: Solid mining waste, dangerousness, bioavailability
The present work was conducted to determine the potential of contamination of solid mining waste (MSW) of the Processing Plant of Auriferous Minerals of the Municipality of Placetas, coming from the ores Oro Descanso (OD) and Lote Grande (LG). The general geochemical characteristics were determined: aqueous pH, potassium pH, organic matter and electrical conductivity. We found basic pH values, high electrical conductivity and low percentage of organic matter, for both ores in general. The dangerousness of the MSW was evaluated trough simple extractions using deionized water and SPLP test, and bioavailability test with the DTPA chelating agent. The MSW were dangerous for the environment as establish by NC 93-02 and NC 27-2012. The highest concentration values for the OD ore were obtained for the DTPA assay, although in general both MSW presented a low bioavailability. Finally, a sequential extraction BCR was made for the metals Fe, Ni, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, Cd, Mn and Pb in the MSW, getting the highest concentración of the residual fraction, so both MSW have a low mobility. Key words: Solid mining waste, dangerousness, bioavailability
Descripción
Palabras clave
Planta de Procesamiento de Minerales Auríferos, Villa Clara, Residuos Sólidos Mineros (RSM), Minería, Contaminación, Peligrosidad, Impacto Ambiental