Evaluación de la capacidad del Romerillo Americano (Helenium Quadridentatum Labill) para asimilar el mercurio presente en los suelos contaminados de la UEB “Cloro Sosa de Sagua la Grande”
Fecha
2019
Autores
Rodríguez Sis, Cristiam Alejandro
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Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Licenciatura en Química
Resumen
En esta investigación se evaluó la capacidad del Romerillo Americano para asimilar el mercurio presente en los suelos contaminados de la UEB “Cloro Sosa” de Sagua la Grande, Villa Clara; con el objetivo de proponer esta planta como agente remediador de estos suelos. Para esto se montó un Sistema Fitorremediador Experimental empleando muestras de suelos del lugar contaminado y se efectuaron pruebas in-situ, utilizándose especímenes de Romerillo Americano libres de mercurio. Se realizaron extracciones simples de mercurio a los suelos empleados al inicio y final de ambas experimentaciones usando como agentes extractantes: agua y EDTA1; observándose que los residuos presentan bajo riesgo de lixiviación, pues resultó mucho menor la fracción extraída con agua que la extraída con EDTA. La concentración de mercurio en ambos extractos disminuyó después de establecidos el Sistema Fitorremediador Experimental y la experimentación in-situ, por lo que también disminuyó la peligrosidad de estos suelos. En ambas experimentaciones se analizó la concentración de mercurio en los diferentes órganos de las plantas utilizadas, considerándose altas y siendo mayor en las raíces. Estos resultados demostraron la adaptabilidad del Romerillo Americano a un ambiente contaminado por mercurio y su capacidad para remediar el suelo del mismo gracias a su poder asimilativo.
In this research was evaluated the mercury assimilation capacity of the American Romerillo in the polluted grounds of the UEB “Cloro Sosa” in Sagua La Grande, Villa Clara; with the aim of recommend this plant as a remedial agent for these grounds. For this reason, it was prepared an Experimental Phytoremedial System with polluted soil samples of the contaminated place and they were done in-situ tests, being used for the both cases American Romerillo specimens free of mercury. They were applicated mercury simple extractions to the soils at the beginning and at the end of both experiments employing as extractant agents: water and EDTA; the results showed a low lixiviation risk due to the water fraction was much lower than the EDTA fraction. This mercury concentration in the EDTA fraction decreased after being established the Experimental Phytoremedial System and the in-situ tests; it indicates the possibility of the mercury assimilation by the plant. In both experiments was analyzed the mercury concentration in all the structures of the studied plants, resulting very high and being much higher on the roots. All these results showed the American Romerillo’s adaptability to a mercury polluted environment and its capacity to remediate the soils due to its assimilative power.
In this research was evaluated the mercury assimilation capacity of the American Romerillo in the polluted grounds of the UEB “Cloro Sosa” in Sagua La Grande, Villa Clara; with the aim of recommend this plant as a remedial agent for these grounds. For this reason, it was prepared an Experimental Phytoremedial System with polluted soil samples of the contaminated place and they were done in-situ tests, being used for the both cases American Romerillo specimens free of mercury. They were applicated mercury simple extractions to the soils at the beginning and at the end of both experiments employing as extractant agents: water and EDTA; the results showed a low lixiviation risk due to the water fraction was much lower than the EDTA fraction. This mercury concentration in the EDTA fraction decreased after being established the Experimental Phytoremedial System and the in-situ tests; it indicates the possibility of the mercury assimilation by the plant. In both experiments was analyzed the mercury concentration in all the structures of the studied plants, resulting very high and being much higher on the roots. All these results showed the American Romerillo’s adaptability to a mercury polluted environment and its capacity to remediate the soils due to its assimilative power.
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Palabras clave
UEB Cloro Sosa, Villa Clara, Mercurio, Contaminación del Suelo, Remediación, Potencial Fitorremediador, Romerillo Americano