Comportamiento del pH, la absorbancia y alternativas de purificación de fluidos azucarados, con el empleo de bentonita
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Fecha
2007-06-25
Autores
Hernández Gutiérrez, Jennifer Teresa
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
El presente trabajo se realizó en el laboratorio de Operaciones Unitarias de la
Facultada de Química – Farmacia de la UCLV, ubicada en Santa Clara,
provincia Villa Clara, con el objetivo de encontrar nuevas alternativas para la
purificación de jugo de caña, encaminadas a mejorar su intensificación, calidad y
economía.
Se establece y propone una estrategia tecnológica para el proceso de activación
de la Bentonita Natural, la que permite obtener un agente adsorbente con
mejores propiedades adsortibas con relación al original.
Se realizan estudios a escala de laboratorio para analizar la influencia de
diferentes agentes adsorbentes en variadas dosis y condiciones operacionales,
tales como carbón activado y bentonita en sus diferentes formas, al añadirse en
agua, disolución azucarada y jugo de caña, tomando para ello valores de pH,
absorbancia a 440 nm y a 720 nm. Para ello se trabaja con valores de
temperatura de 50 y 80º C, tiempos de 10 y 20 minutos y velocidades de
rotación de 30 y 50 rpm.
Se propone un esquema tecnológico de purificación de la Planta Piloto José
Martí de la UCLV, donde se realiza una alcalización luego de ser tratado y
filtrado el jugo con bentonita activada por vía química, para ello se procede al
diseño de los equipos necesarios tanto para la activación de la bentonita como
para la nueva variante propuesta. Mediante Balances de materiales,
consideraciones técnicas y cálculos ingenieriles, se determinan flujos
involucrados, su composición y evaluación técnico-económica para demostrar
que la inversión puede ser recuperada en pocos días de zafra.
The current work was carried out at the Laboratory of Unitary Operations of the Chemistry - Pharmacy Faculty of the Central University of Las Villas in Santa Clara, with the objective of finding new alternatives for the purification of the sugar cane juice, so as to better the intensification, quality and economy. There has been proposed and established a technological strategy for the process of activation of the natural biomass, which permits to obtain an absorbent agent with better absorbing properties in comparison with the original one. Some studies in the laboratory are carried out to analyze the influence of different absorbing agents in different doses and operational conditions , such as activated coal and bentonite in their different forms when they are added to water, sugar solution and sugar cane juice , taking for that purpose pH value, absorbency at 440 nm and at 720 nm. The work was carried out at a temperature of 50ºC and 80º C , the time was 10 20 minutes and the speed of rotation was 30 and 50 rpm. We propose a technological scheme of purification of the Jose Marti pilot plant of the Central University of Las Villas where alkalization is carried out after been treated and filtrated with activated bentonite, for that reason we designed the necessary equipment either for the activation of the bentonite as well as for the new variant proposed. By means of the analysis of the materials , technological considerations and engineering calculus ,the flow is determined as well as its composition and technical-economical evaluation so as to show that the costs can be diminished in a few days of the harvest.
The current work was carried out at the Laboratory of Unitary Operations of the Chemistry - Pharmacy Faculty of the Central University of Las Villas in Santa Clara, with the objective of finding new alternatives for the purification of the sugar cane juice, so as to better the intensification, quality and economy. There has been proposed and established a technological strategy for the process of activation of the natural biomass, which permits to obtain an absorbent agent with better absorbing properties in comparison with the original one. Some studies in the laboratory are carried out to analyze the influence of different absorbing agents in different doses and operational conditions , such as activated coal and bentonite in their different forms when they are added to water, sugar solution and sugar cane juice , taking for that purpose pH value, absorbency at 440 nm and at 720 nm. The work was carried out at a temperature of 50ºC and 80º C , the time was 10 20 minutes and the speed of rotation was 30 and 50 rpm. We propose a technological scheme of purification of the Jose Marti pilot plant of the Central University of Las Villas where alkalization is carried out after been treated and filtrated with activated bentonite, for that reason we designed the necessary equipment either for the activation of the bentonite as well as for the new variant proposed. By means of the analysis of the materials , technological considerations and engineering calculus ,the flow is determined as well as its composition and technical-economical evaluation so as to show that the costs can be diminished in a few days of the harvest.
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Palabras clave
Bentonita, Laboratorio de Operaciones Unitarias, Facultad de Química y Farmacia, UCLV, Planta Piloto “José Martí”