Manual para la Ejecución de los proyectos de la Maestría en Estructura
Fecha
2015
Autores
Ataallah Al-Sharif, Feras Khalid
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Facultad de Construcciones. Departamento de ingeniería Civil
Resumen
En el proceso de cálculo de estructuras de hormigón armado, existen una serie de factores que comúnmente son ignorados durante la modelación, análisis y el propio diseño estructural, por ejemplo: la reducción de inercia (R.I) que se produce por la fisuración, el análisis no lineal por geometría (efecto P-Δ), la interacción suelo-estructura (ISE) y el análisis no lineal. Estas consideraciones pueden producir diseños con menos incertidumbre sobre el comportamiento de las estructuras y desde el punto de vista dinámico puede ocasionar grandes cambios en su modelación. El desarrollo impetuoso de la computación a finales del siglo pasado, posibilitó el surgimiento de sistemas automatizados de proyección que incluyen de una manera muy fácil la consideración de estos factores, imposibles de tener cuenta si el proceso se desarrolla de forma manual, sin embargo, en la mayoría de los casos no son tomados en cuenta debido al desconocimiento del empleo eficiente de estos o por desconocimiento de su influencia en los resultados del análisis. La formación de postgrado para los especialistas enproyecto pasa, entre otras, por la maestría en estructuras, en la se logran salvar algunas de estas deficiencias y permite garantizar la conexión inter y transdisciplinaria de los conocimientos que intervienen en la formación de los especialistas en proyecto estructural. En particular en el diseño curricular de esta maestría se establecen los proyectos de cursos como alternativas de logro para esta integración de conocimientos.En este trabajo se realiza una guía o manual para la ejecución de los proyectos de curso I y II de la maestría en estructura en la que entre otros aspectos se realiza un análisis de factores ignorados, tomando una estructura como ejemplo. Se presenta la modelación,análisis y diseño de lasestructuras constituidas porcimentaciones ypedestalesy columnasy vigasy losas,explicando el procedimiento a llevar a cabo para incluir en el análisis de los factores ignorados a través de la computación aplicada. Se evalúan los resultados obtenidos con la consideración de las variables para definir cuánto influye su consideración desde el punto de vista técnico, lo cual posibilita arribar a conclusiones acerca de su consideración.
In the process of calculating reinforced concrete structures, there are a number of factors that are commonly ignored during modeling, analysis and the structural design itself, for example: the reduction of inertia (R.I.) produced by cracking, non-linear analysis by geometry (P-Δ effect), soil-structure interaction (ISE) and non-linear analysis. These considerations can produce designs with less uncertainty about the behavior of structures and from a dynamic point of view can cause large changes in their modeling. The impetuous development of computing at the end of the last century, made possible the emergence of automated projection systems that include in a very easy way the consideration of these factors, impossible to take into account if the process is developed manually, however, in most cases they are not taken into account due to the lack of knowledge of the efficient use of these factors or for lack of knowledge of their influence on the results of the analysis. The postgraduate training for project specialists includes a master's degree in structures, which can overcome some of these deficiencies and guarantee the inter- and transdisciplinary connection of the knowledge involved in the training of structural project specialists. In particular, in the curricular design of this master's degree, course projects are established as alternative ways of achieving this integration of knowledge. In this work, a guide or manual is prepared for the execution of course projects I and II of the master's degree in structure in which, among other aspects, an analysis of ignored factors is carried out, taking a structure as an example. The modeling, analysis and design of structures constituted by percentages and pedestals and columns and beams and slabs is presented, explaining the procedure to be carried out to include the ignored factors in the analysis through the applied computation. The results obtained with the consideration of the variables are evaluated to define how much their consideration influences them from a technical point of view, which makes it possible to reach conclusions about their consideration.
In the process of calculating reinforced concrete structures, there are a number of factors that are commonly ignored during modeling, analysis and the structural design itself, for example: the reduction of inertia (R.I.) produced by cracking, non-linear analysis by geometry (P-Δ effect), soil-structure interaction (ISE) and non-linear analysis. These considerations can produce designs with less uncertainty about the behavior of structures and from a dynamic point of view can cause large changes in their modeling. The impetuous development of computing at the end of the last century, made possible the emergence of automated projection systems that include in a very easy way the consideration of these factors, impossible to take into account if the process is developed manually, however, in most cases they are not taken into account due to the lack of knowledge of the efficient use of these factors or for lack of knowledge of their influence on the results of the analysis. The postgraduate training for project specialists includes a master's degree in structures, which can overcome some of these deficiencies and guarantee the inter- and transdisciplinary connection of the knowledge involved in the training of structural project specialists. In particular, in the curricular design of this master's degree, course projects are established as alternative ways of achieving this integration of knowledge. In this work, a guide or manual is prepared for the execution of course projects I and II of the master's degree in structure in which, among other aspects, an analysis of ignored factors is carried out, taking a structure as an example. The modeling, analysis and design of structures constituted by percentages and pedestals and columns and beams and slabs is presented, explaining the procedure to be carried out to include the ignored factors in the analysis through the applied computation. The results obtained with the consideration of the variables are evaluated to define how much their consideration influences them from a technical point of view, which makes it possible to reach conclusions about their consideration.
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Palabras clave
Manual de Ejecución de Proyectos, Proyecto de Maestría en Estructura