Ecotoxicidad aguda en semillas de Lactuca sativa L. de antibióticos con riesgo ambiental
Fecha
2014-07-05
Autores
Madrigal Gutiérrez, Williams
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
En los últimos años existe una creciente preocupación por los efectos que los desechos de los medicamentos producen en el medio ambiente. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la ecotoxicidad aguda de antibióticos en Lactuca Sativa L. en un área de uno de los dos ríos que atraviesan las zonas más urbanizadas de la ciudad de Santa Clara. Para esto se estimaron los posibles residuos de antibióticos mediante un estudio de consumo durante un año en un hospital, se predijo sus concentraciones en el agua de río mediante un modelo matemático y se determinó su riesgo ecotoxicológico. En el período de estudio se utilizaron 22 antibióticos, el de mayor consumo fue la Cefotaxima y el de menor el Anfotericin. Todos constituyen un riesgo para el ambiente exceptuando Anfotericin B, Doxiciclina y Miconazol. Se observó inhibición de la germinación de las semillas Lactuca sativa L. en todos los antibióticos resaltando el Sulfaprim con un 38,67% de inhibición para la raíz y un 38,78% para el hipocotilo y la Cefepima la de menor efecto en la inhibición de la germinación con un 11,03 en ambos casos. También resulto el Sulfaprim el que presentó mayor inhibición de la elongación de la raíz y el hipocotilo con la Vancomicina como la de menor inhibcion. En la mezcla solamente hubo inhibición de la geminación a la mayor concentración evaluada, mientras que en el resto de las concentraciones muestra una tendencia a la estimulación del
crecimiento tanto en la raíz como en el hipocotilo.
In the last years a growing concern exists for the goods that the waste of the medications take place in the environment. The objective of the investigation was to evaluate the acute ecotoxicity of antibiotics in Lactuca sativa L. in an area of one of the two rivers that cross the urbanized areas in Santa Clara's city. For this they were considered the possible residuals of antibiotics by means of a consumption study during one year in a hospital, it was predicted their concentrations in the river water by means of a mathematical model and their risk ecotxicological risk was determined. In the period of study 22 antibiotics were used, that of more onsumption was the Cefotaxime and the one of smaller the Amphotericin. All constitute a risk for the atmosphere excepting Amphotericin B, Doxycycline and Miconazole. Inhibition of the germination of the seeds Lactuca sativa L. was observed in all the antibiotics standing out the Sulfaprim with 38,67 inhibition% for the root and 38,78% for the hipocotile and the Cefepime that of smaller effect in the inhibition of the germination with a 11,03 in both cases. Also turned the Sulfaprim which had higher inhibition of root elongation and hypocotyl with Vancomycin as low inhibcion. In the mixture there was only inhibition from the germination to the biggest valued concentration, while in the rest of the concentrations sample a tendency to the stimulation of the growth as much in the root as in the hipocotile.
In the last years a growing concern exists for the goods that the waste of the medications take place in the environment. The objective of the investigation was to evaluate the acute ecotoxicity of antibiotics in Lactuca sativa L. in an area of one of the two rivers that cross the urbanized areas in Santa Clara's city. For this they were considered the possible residuals of antibiotics by means of a consumption study during one year in a hospital, it was predicted their concentrations in the river water by means of a mathematical model and their risk ecotxicological risk was determined. In the period of study 22 antibiotics were used, that of more onsumption was the Cefotaxime and the one of smaller the Amphotericin. All constitute a risk for the atmosphere excepting Amphotericin B, Doxycycline and Miconazole. Inhibition of the germination of the seeds Lactuca sativa L. was observed in all the antibiotics standing out the Sulfaprim with 38,67 inhibition% for the root and 38,78% for the hipocotile and the Cefepime that of smaller effect in the inhibition of the germination with a 11,03 in both cases. Also turned the Sulfaprim which had higher inhibition of root elongation and hypocotyl with Vancomycin as low inhibcion. In the mixture there was only inhibition from the germination to the biggest valued concentration, while in the rest of the concentrations sample a tendency to the stimulation of the growth as much in the root as in the hipocotile.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Contaminación, Desechos, Lactuca sativa, Antibióticos