Capacidad celulolítica de hongos existentes en la naturaleza para degradar residuos lignocelulósicos
Fecha
2011-06-29
Autores
Herrera García, Mónica
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Editor
Universidad Central ´´Marta Abreu´´ de Las Villas
Resumen
El precio de las enzimas comerciales usadas para la sacarificación de materiales
lignocelulósicos pretratados representa una parte significativa en el costo total del
proceso de bioconversión de la biomasa a etanol. La reducción del costo de
producción, desde el desarrollo de microorganismos secretores de celulasas más
efectivos y el mejoramiento de las propiedades hidrolíticas de las mezclas de enzimas son de gran importancia. En este trabajo, se inició el estudio con dos hongos, Trichoderma harzianum y Penicillium sp. J-3, para evaluar sus capacidades celulolíticas utilizando como sustrato celulósico el papel de filtro Whatman 1 y el uso de varios azúcares como inductores. Los mejores resultados de actividad FPasa fueron obtenidos con el Penicillium sp. J-3 (0.28 U/mL) en las primeras 24 horas y usando la sacarosa como inductor. Por tal motivo se utilizó el Penicillium sp J-3 para la evaluación del bagazo de la caña de azúcar pretratado como sustrato. Se utilizó una estrategia experimental donde se estudiaron varios factores simultáneamente aplicando el diseño factorial saturado de Plackett-Burmann con 12 experimentos. Los valores de FPasa obtenidos el primer día fueron superiores a los obtenidos con papel de filtro. Los factores que resultaron significativos para el primer día de fermentación fueron el pH, el uso de miel final y las concentraciones de inóculo y bagazo. Se detectaron otras actividades enzimáticas como -glucosidasa y -Endoglucanasa al 5to
día de fermentación. La importancia principal de este estudio radica en que con
Penicillium sp. J-3 se logra la obtención de crudos con actividad enzimática
celulolítica, lo que en el futuro propiciaría la disminución del costo total del proceso de obtención de etanol a partir de residuos lignocelulósicos.
The price of the commercial enzymes used for the saccharification of pretreated lignocelulosic materials represents a significant part in the total cost of the bioconversion process from the biomass to ethanol. The reduction of the cost of production, from the development of secretary microorganisms of more effective cellulases and the improvement of the hydrolytic properties of the mixtures of enzymes is of great importance. In this work, started the study with two funguses, Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium sp. J-3, to evaluate their celulolitic capacities by using as cellulosic substrate the Whatman 1 filter paper and the use of several sugars as inductors. The better results of FPasa activity were obtained with Penicillium sp. J-3 (0.28 U/mL) in the firsts 24 hours and by using the saccharose as inductor. For such motive used the Penicillium sp J-3 for the evaluation of the waste pulp of the pretreated sugar cane as substrate. Used an experimental strategy in which studied to him several factors simultaneously by applying the saturated factorial design of Plackett - Burmann with 12 experiments. The FPasa values obtained the first day were superior to the obtained with filter paper. The factors that resulted significant for the first day of fermentation it went pH, the use of final honey, inoculate and sugar cane bagasse concentrations. Other enzymatic activities were detected as �����-Glucosidasa and Endoglucanasa to the fifth day of fermentation. The main importance of this study resides in that with Penicillium sp J-3 it is possible to obtain a crude whith enzymatic celulolitic activity, what would propitiate the decrease of the total cost of the process of obtaining of ethanol starting from lignocelulosic residuals in the future.
The price of the commercial enzymes used for the saccharification of pretreated lignocelulosic materials represents a significant part in the total cost of the bioconversion process from the biomass to ethanol. The reduction of the cost of production, from the development of secretary microorganisms of more effective cellulases and the improvement of the hydrolytic properties of the mixtures of enzymes is of great importance. In this work, started the study with two funguses, Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium sp. J-3, to evaluate their celulolitic capacities by using as cellulosic substrate the Whatman 1 filter paper and the use of several sugars as inductors. The better results of FPasa activity were obtained with Penicillium sp. J-3 (0.28 U/mL) in the firsts 24 hours and by using the saccharose as inductor. For such motive used the Penicillium sp J-3 for the evaluation of the waste pulp of the pretreated sugar cane as substrate. Used an experimental strategy in which studied to him several factors simultaneously by applying the saturated factorial design of Plackett - Burmann with 12 experiments. The FPasa values obtained the first day were superior to the obtained with filter paper. The factors that resulted significant for the first day of fermentation it went pH, the use of final honey, inoculate and sugar cane bagasse concentrations. Other enzymatic activities were detected as �����-Glucosidasa and Endoglucanasa to the fifth day of fermentation. The main importance of this study resides in that with Penicillium sp J-3 it is possible to obtain a crude whith enzymatic celulolitic activity, what would propitiate the decrease of the total cost of the process of obtaining of ethanol starting from lignocelulosic residuals in the future.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Hongos, Trichoderma, Penicillium