Transferencia Génica Horizontal en bacterias contaminantes de los cultivos in vitro de la caña de azúcar
Fecha
2011-07-05
Autores
Moreno Bermúdez, Leonardo Julio
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
La Transferencia Génica Horizontal es la transmisión de material genético entre individuos de la misma especie o de especies diferentes por vía no sexual. Los organismos donadores de genes pueden estar genéticamente modificados o no, lo cual constituye en el primer caso un factor de riesgo que es necesario evaluar, por la posible transmisión de los transgenes incorporados artificialmente a otros organismos con los que estén en estrecho contacto. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar los riesgos de la Transferencia Génica Horizontal, en bacterias contaminantes de los cultivos in vitro de la caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp.), que en algunos casos coinciden con especies endofíticas y/o habitantes de las rizosfera de plantas transgénicas. Se determinó la capacidad de transformación natural de las especies
con un plásmido con genes de resistencia a antibióticos, utilizado como vector para la
transformación genética de plantas, y a partir del cálculo de las frecuencias de
transformación de cada especie se establecieron varios niveles de riesgo. Se obtuvieron bacterias no transformadas y otras que sí lo fueron a frecuencias desde muy bajas, en Escherichia coli (0,09 x 10-7) hasta elevadas en Pseudomonas stutzeri (266,6 x 10-7) con lo cual los niveles de riesgo abarcaron entre insignificantes y altos. Por los resultados obtenidos, constituye un factor de riesgo la presencia en estos cultivos, de bacterias naturalmente transformables, que pueden tenerse en cuenta cuando se evalúen los riesgos que corren estas especies en contacto con plantas transgénicas.
Horizontal Gene Transfer is the transmission of genetic material between individuals of thesame or different species by asexual way. The gene donor organisms can be genetically modified or not, in the first case it constitutes a risk factor that is necessary to evaluate, for the possible transmission from the artificially incorporated transgenes to other organisms with which they are in strait contact. The objective of this research was to evaluate the risks of the Horizontal Gene Transfer, in polluting bacterias of sugar cane (Saccharum spp.) in vitro cultures, that in some cases they coincide with endofitics species and/or inhabitants of transgenic plants rhizosphere. The capacity of natural transformation of the species was determined with a plasmid with antibiotics resistance genes, used as vector for plants genetic transformation, and on the basis of calculated transformation frequencies for each species several risk levels were established. Not transformed bacterias were obtained, and others that yes were transformed at frequencies from very low, as in Escherichia coli (0.09 x 10-7) until very high in Pseudomonas stutzeri (266,6 x 10-7) with which the risk levels embraced between insignificant and high. In agreement with results, constitutes a risk factor the presence in these cultivations, of naturally transformable bacterias, that must be taken into account when the risks for these species in contact with transgenic plants are evaluated.
Horizontal Gene Transfer is the transmission of genetic material between individuals of thesame or different species by asexual way. The gene donor organisms can be genetically modified or not, in the first case it constitutes a risk factor that is necessary to evaluate, for the possible transmission from the artificially incorporated transgenes to other organisms with which they are in strait contact. The objective of this research was to evaluate the risks of the Horizontal Gene Transfer, in polluting bacterias of sugar cane (Saccharum spp.) in vitro cultures, that in some cases they coincide with endofitics species and/or inhabitants of transgenic plants rhizosphere. The capacity of natural transformation of the species was determined with a plasmid with antibiotics resistance genes, used as vector for plants genetic transformation, and on the basis of calculated transformation frequencies for each species several risk levels were established. Not transformed bacterias were obtained, and others that yes were transformed at frequencies from very low, as in Escherichia coli (0.09 x 10-7) until very high in Pseudomonas stutzeri (266,6 x 10-7) with which the risk levels embraced between insignificant and high. In agreement with results, constitutes a risk factor the presence in these cultivations, of naturally transformable bacterias, that must be taken into account when the risks for these species in contact with transgenic plants are evaluated.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Caña de azúcar, Transferencia de Genes