Desarrollo de los inventarios parametrizados de ciclo de vida y modelación de los perfiles ambientales para la producción de azúcar en la UEB “Carlos Baliño"
Fecha
2012-06-25
Autores
Valladares Herrera, Lianet
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
En este trabajo se realiza la modelación del inventario parametrizado del ciclo de vida
del proceso de azúcar ecológico en la Unidad Empresarial de Base “Carlos Baliño”, lo
cual permite evaluar los impactos ambientales asociados al mismo para diferentes
escenarios de operación y detectar las variables que mayor incidencia tienen sobre
cada una de las categorías de impacto que se analizan.
Mediante el modelo del ciclo de vida del proceso se identifican todas las corrientes de
entrada/salida correspondientes a cada una de las etapas constituyentes del mismo;
las cuales se cuantifican mediante índices reportados en la literatura y/o balances de
materiales y energía, identificándose la jerarquía de los mismos a nivel de unidad de
procesos.
La edición de los parámetros del inventario y su evaluación se lleva a cabo según la
metodología del Análisis del Ciclo de Vida (ACV), mediante el Eco-indicador 99,
utilizando el programa profesional SimaPro 7.2. Esta es una herramienta muy utilizada
en el mundo actual que contribuye a mitigar o eliminar el impacto de productos,
procesos y servicios sobre el medio ambiente.
La comparación entre la etapa agrícola e industrial del ciclo de vida del proceso de
azúcar orgánico identifica a esta última con un impacto total perjudicial sobre el medio
ambiente debido a las categorías de acidificación-eutrofización y respiración de
compuestos inorgánicos, directamente relacionadas con las emisiones del proceso de
cogeneración. Los impactos beneficiosos sobre las diferentes categorías para cada
etapa están dados por la valorización de sus co-productos y residuos (concepto de
productos evitados).
Los escenarios comparados señalan a la zafra 2010 con los mejores resultados e
indica que los parámetros de entrada variados inciden proporcionalmente en el
comportamiento de los perfiles ambientales del proceso.
In this work the modeling of life cycle inventory of the process of ecological sugar in the Managerial Unit of Base "Carlos Baliño", that which allows evaluating the environmental impacts associated to the same one for different operation scenarios and to detect the variables that bigger incidence has on each one of the impact categories that are analyzed. By means of the pattern of the cycle of life of the process they are identified all the entrance / exit currents corresponding to each one of the constituent stages of the same one; which are quantified by means of indexes reported in the literature and/or balances of materials and energy, being identified the hierarchy from the same ones to level of unit of processes. The edition of the parameters of the inventory and their evaluation is carried out according to the methodology of the life cycle (LCA), by means of the Echo-indicator 99, using the professional program SimaPro 7.2. This is a tool very used in the current world that contributes to mitigate or to eliminate the impact of products, processes and services on the environment. The comparison among the agricultural and industrial stage of the life cycle of the process of organic sugar identifies at last with a total harmful impact on the environment due to the categories of acidification-eutrofication and breathing of compound inorganic, directly related with the emissions of the cogeneration process. The beneficial impacts on the different categories for each stage are given by the appraisement of their co-products and residuals (concept of avoided products). The compared scenarios point out to the harvest 2010 with the best results and it indicates that the varied entrance parameters impact proportionally in the behavior of the environmental profiles of the process. Key
In this work the modeling of life cycle inventory of the process of ecological sugar in the Managerial Unit of Base "Carlos Baliño", that which allows evaluating the environmental impacts associated to the same one for different operation scenarios and to detect the variables that bigger incidence has on each one of the impact categories that are analyzed. By means of the pattern of the cycle of life of the process they are identified all the entrance / exit currents corresponding to each one of the constituent stages of the same one; which are quantified by means of indexes reported in the literature and/or balances of materials and energy, being identified the hierarchy from the same ones to level of unit of processes. The edition of the parameters of the inventory and their evaluation is carried out according to the methodology of the life cycle (LCA), by means of the Echo-indicator 99, using the professional program SimaPro 7.2. This is a tool very used in the current world that contributes to mitigate or to eliminate the impact of products, processes and services on the environment. The comparison among the agricultural and industrial stage of the life cycle of the process of organic sugar identifies at last with a total harmful impact on the environment due to the categories of acidification-eutrofication and breathing of compound inorganic, directly related with the emissions of the cogeneration process. The beneficial impacts on the different categories for each stage are given by the appraisement of their co-products and residuals (concept of avoided products). The compared scenarios point out to the harvest 2010 with the best results and it indicates that the varied entrance parameters impact proportionally in the behavior of the environmental profiles of the process. Key
Descripción
Palabras clave
Eco-indicador 99, Azúcar de Caña, Medio Ambiente, Impacto Ambiental, Unidad Empresarial de Base “Carlos Baliño, Azúcar Ecológico