Diseño de un programa de intervención psicológica para el tratamiento del tabaquismo en estudiantes universitarios.
Fecha
2012-06-25
Autores
Valdespino Hernández, Yanely
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas
Resumen
La investigación tuvo como objetivo diseñar un programa de intervención psicológica dirigido a contribuir a la cesación del hábito tabáquico en estudiantes de la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Se desarrolló en el periodo comprendido entre enero y junio del 2012.
Se asumió el paradigma mixto de investigación quedando estructurada en dos etapas. En la primera, se realizó un estudio exploratorio descriptivo para evaluar la percepción de riesgo que en relación al tabaquismo poseen los estudiantes fumadores y caracterizar el comportamiento del hábito tabáquico en los mismos. La muestra de este estudio estuvo conformada por 53 estudiantes fumadores procedentes de las carreras de Ciencias Técnicas que cursan el primer año. Se empleó un sistema de técnicas que fueron evaluadas cualitativa y cuantitativamente. Los resultados evidenciaron el predominio de un nivel de conocimientos parcialmente adecuado en tanto desconocen su carácter adictivo, que condiciona una actitud de ambivalencia o discrepancia y propicia una frecuencia de consumo alta, iguales niveles de dependencia y la presencia de síntomas de abstinencia.
Partiendo de los resultados obtenidos, en la segunda etapa se procedió al diseño del Programa de intervención psicológica; concebido desde una concepción de trabajo en grupos. A través de las 9 sesiones se articulan estrategias y técnicas variadas; orientadas a adecuar la percepción de riesgo en los estudiantes fumadores, activando sus recursos salutogénicos y a fomentar el aprendizaje de técnicas que propicien la cesación del hábito tabáquico. Los criterios aportados por los especialistas sobre el Programa avalan su pertinencia y la factibilidad de su implementación inmediata.
The research's objective was design a psychological intervention program directed to contribute to cessation of the smoking habit in students in Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. It was developed in the period comprehended between January and June of 2012. It was assumed the mixed paradigm of investigation leaving it structured in two stages. In the first one, it was performed a descriptive exploratory study for evaluating the risk perception that in relation with smoking, the students posses and characterize the behavior of the smoking habit on them. The study's sample was composed by 53 students preceding from Technical Science specialties that preceding from first year. It was used a system of techniques that was qualitative and quantitative evaluated. The results prove prevalence of a knowledge's level partially adequated somewhat they disclaim their addictive behavior, that conditioned an attitude of ambivalence or discrepancy and get atone for a high consume frequency, equals levels of dependencies and the presence of abstinence symptoms. Starting from the obtained results, in the second stage was designed the Program of psychological intervention; conceived from a conception of work in groups. Throughout the 9 sessions one articulate strategies and diverse techniques; guided to adequate the risk perception in the smoking students, activating their salutogenic resources and promoting learning of techniques that help the consume cessation of the smoking habit. The contributed criterion by the specialist about the program guarantee its pertinence and factibility of it immediate implementation.
The research's objective was design a psychological intervention program directed to contribute to cessation of the smoking habit in students in Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. It was developed in the period comprehended between January and June of 2012. It was assumed the mixed paradigm of investigation leaving it structured in two stages. In the first one, it was performed a descriptive exploratory study for evaluating the risk perception that in relation with smoking, the students posses and characterize the behavior of the smoking habit on them. The study's sample was composed by 53 students preceding from Technical Science specialties that preceding from first year. It was used a system of techniques that was qualitative and quantitative evaluated. The results prove prevalence of a knowledge's level partially adequated somewhat they disclaim their addictive behavior, that conditioned an attitude of ambivalence or discrepancy and get atone for a high consume frequency, equals levels of dependencies and the presence of abstinence symptoms. Starting from the obtained results, in the second stage was designed the Program of psychological intervention; conceived from a conception of work in groups. Throughout the 9 sessions one articulate strategies and diverse techniques; guided to adequate the risk perception in the smoking students, activating their salutogenic resources and promoting learning of techniques that help the consume cessation of the smoking habit. The contributed criterion by the specialist about the program guarantee its pertinence and factibility of it immediate implementation.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Tabaquismo, Adicciones, Tratamiento, Intervención Psicológica, Smoking, Addiction, Treatment, Psychological Intervention