Efecto de la restauración ambiental en Laguna Larga (Cayo Coco, Cuba) sobre la asociación de peces en su canal de comunicación al mar.
Fecha
2015-07-09
Autores
Dulce Sotolongo, Lisadys Bárbara
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Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
Laguna Larga, ubicada al norte de la provincia Ciego de Ávila, Cayo Coco, Cuba, fue sometida en el año 2012 a un proceso de dragado intentando mejorar la calidad de sus aguas para el turismo. En este trabajo se caracterizó el hábitat y la comunidad de peces, en su canal de comunicación al mar luego de este proceso y se comparó con resultados previos obtenidos con metodología similar. Se comparó la distribución espacio-temporal de los peces, riqueza de especies y densidad. Se relacionaron con las características del hábitat. Datos de los años 2007-2008-2009 representaron el estado previo al dragado y el período 2014-2015 representó el efecto de la restauración. Se realizaron 112 censos visuales. Se midió el área de refugio, sombra, temperatura del agua, salinidad, profundidad y velocidad de la corriente. Se registraron 22 especies de 14 familias. Se halló que al inicio del canal las densidades de peces pequeños, eran mayores que al final. Los depredadores grandes se encontraban al final, particularmente Lutjanus griseus L. cambió sus preferencias de nicho desde el final hacia la sección Inicio B, debido a la poca modificación de esta sección. El proceso de restauración, produjo una disminución en la disponibilidad de refugios y consecuentemente contribuyó a la disminución de la densidad y riqueza de especies. Los cambios más drásticos en el patrón espacial y temporal de los peces estuvieron asociados a las secciones iniciales del canal, las cuales sufrieron las mayores alteraciones de hábitat. Las proporciones relativas de especies pertenecientes a cada gremio trófico se mantuvieron estables ante los cambios drásticos del ambiente.
Laguna Larga, located at north of Ciego de Avila province, Cayo Coco, Cuba, was submitted in 2012 to a dredging process trying to improve the quality of its waters for tourism. In this work the habitat and fish community was characterized, in its sea communication channel, after this process and compared with previous results obtained with similar methodology. The spatio-temporal distribution of fish species richness and density compared. They were related to habitat characteristics. Data from the years 2007-2008-2009 accounted for prior to dredging state and the period 2014-2015 represented the effect of the restoration. 112 visual censuses were conducted. The area of shelter, shade, water temperature, salinity, depth and current velocity was measured. 22 species of 14 families were recorded. It was found that at the beginning of channel densities of small fish, were higher than at the end. Large predators were in the end, particularly mangrove snapper niche preferences changed from the end to the section Initiation B, due to the less modification of this section. The restoration process causes a decline in the availability of shelters and consequently determined the decrease in density and species richness. The most dramatic changes in the spatial and temporal pattern of the fish were associated with the final sections of the canal, which suffered the greatest changes in habitat. The relative proportions of species within each trophic guild remained stable before the drastic changes in the environment.
Laguna Larga, located at north of Ciego de Avila province, Cayo Coco, Cuba, was submitted in 2012 to a dredging process trying to improve the quality of its waters for tourism. In this work the habitat and fish community was characterized, in its sea communication channel, after this process and compared with previous results obtained with similar methodology. The spatio-temporal distribution of fish species richness and density compared. They were related to habitat characteristics. Data from the years 2007-2008-2009 accounted for prior to dredging state and the period 2014-2015 represented the effect of the restoration. 112 visual censuses were conducted. The area of shelter, shade, water temperature, salinity, depth and current velocity was measured. 22 species of 14 families were recorded. It was found that at the beginning of channel densities of small fish, were higher than at the end. Large predators were in the end, particularly mangrove snapper niche preferences changed from the end to the section Initiation B, due to the less modification of this section. The restoration process causes a decline in the availability of shelters and consequently determined the decrease in density and species richness. The most dramatic changes in the spatial and temporal pattern of the fish were associated with the final sections of the canal, which suffered the greatest changes in habitat. The relative proportions of species within each trophic guild remained stable before the drastic changes in the environment.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Peces, Laguna Larga, Cayo Coco, Cuba, Ecología