Respuesta de genotipos de Phaseolus vulgaris L. en condiciones inducidas de estrés térmico, hídrico y salino
Fecha
2015-07-10
Autores
Carabeo Pérez, Annerys
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Editor
Universidad Central ´´Marta Abreu´´ de Las Villas
Resumen
La producción de frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) tiene gran importancia en Cuba, sin embargo, diversos factores afectan el rendimiento de este cultivo y no todas las variedades de frijol responden de la misma forma a las condiciones estresantes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue: determinar la respuesta de genotipos de P. vulgaris, en condiciones inducidas de estrés térmico, hídrico y salino. Para ello, se analizó el efecto del estrés hídrico inducido con PEG-6 000 sobre la germinación de semillas in vitro de P. vulgaris var. ICA Pijao; se determinó el efecto de la temperatura sobre la pérdida de electrólitos y sobre la liberación de fosfato inorgánico del tejido foliar en 10 genotipos de P. vulgaris a los cuales también se le determinó la respuesta del tejido foliar a condiciones de estrés hídrico y salino inducido con PEG-6 000 y NaCl. Los resultados mostraron que el incremento de las concentraciones de PEG-6 000, redujo el porcentaje de la germinación in vitro de semillas de P. vulgaris var. ICA Pijao, lo cual confirmó que el agente estresante puede ser utilizado para determinar la respuesta fisiológica en genotipos de P. vulgaris. La temperatura influyó sobre la pérdida de electrólitos y la liberación de fosfato inorgánico en el tejido foliar, y permitió diferenciar la respuesta de varios genotipos en condiciones inducidas de estrés térmico. El estrés hídrico y salino afectó notablemente el tejido foliar de los genotipos estudiados, donde la formación de áreas necróticas permitió discernir entre genotipos con respuesta diferente.
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production has been very important in Cuba, however, several factors affect the yield of this crop and not all varieties of beans respond the same way to the stressful conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the response of different P. vulgaris genotypes under thermal and salt induced stress and water deficit. For this, the effect of water deficit induced by PEG-6 000 on the P. vulgaris var. ICA Pijao seeds in vitro germination was analyzed; the effect of temperature on electrolyte leakage and the release of inorganic phosphate from leaf tissue in 10 genotypes of P. vulgaris was determined. Also the leaf tissue response to water deficit conditions and salt stress induced by PEG-6 000 and NaCl were assayed. The results showed that increasing concentrations of PEG-6 000, reduced the percentage of P. vulgaris var. ICA Pijao in vitro germination, which confirmed that this stressor agent could be useful to elucidate the physiological response of P. vulgaris genotypes. The temperature influenced the electrolytes leakage and the release of inorganic phosphate in the leaf tissue, and distinguished the response of various genotypes in a thermally induced stress. The water deficit and salt stress significantly affected the leaf tissue of the genotypes studied, where the formation of necrotic areas allowed differentiate between genotypes with different response.
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production has been very important in Cuba, however, several factors affect the yield of this crop and not all varieties of beans respond the same way to the stressful conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the response of different P. vulgaris genotypes under thermal and salt induced stress and water deficit. For this, the effect of water deficit induced by PEG-6 000 on the P. vulgaris var. ICA Pijao seeds in vitro germination was analyzed; the effect of temperature on electrolyte leakage and the release of inorganic phosphate from leaf tissue in 10 genotypes of P. vulgaris was determined. Also the leaf tissue response to water deficit conditions and salt stress induced by PEG-6 000 and NaCl were assayed. The results showed that increasing concentrations of PEG-6 000, reduced the percentage of P. vulgaris var. ICA Pijao in vitro germination, which confirmed that this stressor agent could be useful to elucidate the physiological response of P. vulgaris genotypes. The temperature influenced the electrolytes leakage and the release of inorganic phosphate in the leaf tissue, and distinguished the response of various genotypes in a thermally induced stress. The water deficit and salt stress significantly affected the leaf tissue of the genotypes studied, where the formation of necrotic areas allowed differentiate between genotypes with different response.
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Palabras clave
Areas Necróticas, Fosfato Inorgánico, Germinación, Estrés, Phaseolus vulgaris L.