Respuesta al estrés salino inducido con NaCl, en los cultivares de Musa ‘Grande naine’ (AAA) y ‘Pelipita’ (ABB) en fase de aclimatización
Fecha
2015-07-09
Autores
Pérez Borroto, Lucia Sandra
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Universidad Central ´´Marta Abreu´´ de Las Villas
Resumen
Los plátanos y bananos cultivados en regiones tropicales y subtropicales, son severamente afectados por la salinización de los suelos. Se han desarrollado técnicas biotecnológicas en aras de obtener y/o seleccionar cultivares tolerantes a la salinidad, tanto en fase in vitro como de aclimatización, empleando agentes osmo-estresantes incorporados al medio de cultivo o en el suelo. La presente investigación fue desarrollada con el objetivo de determinar la respuesta al estrés salino inducido con NaCl en los cultivares de Musa. ‘Grande naine’ (AAA) y ‘Pelipita’ (ABB) en fase de aclimatización. Se determinaron variables morfológicas (niveles de clorosis y necrosis), fisiológicas (contenido de clorofilas) y bioquímicas (contenido de prolina, malondialdehído y peróxido de hidrógeno) en plantas sometidas al estrés y controles. Además se caracterizaron los niveles de salinidad para el suelo y agua de riego empleados durante la inducción del estrés. Las plantas pertenecientes al cultivar ‘Grande naine’ presentaron mayores niveles de afectación que las del cultivar ‘Pelipita’ en todos los indicadores analizados, excepto contenido de clorofilas. Ambos cultivares mostraron un incremento en el número de hojas cloróticas y necróticas, contenido de clorofilas, prolina, peróxido de hidrógeno y malondialdehído ante mayores concentraciones de NaCl en suelo. Las mayores afectaciones para ambos cultivares se apreciaron en suelo y agua de riego con niveles de salinidad superiores a los 2,3 y 5,0 dS/m, respectivamente. Teniendo en cuenta estos resultados, el uso del NaCl como agente inductor y el procedimiento empleado durante la investigación, podrían constituir una metodología para la selección temprana en fase de aclimatización de cultivares de Musa con respuesta tolerante a la salinidad.
Bananas and plantains grown in tropical and subtropical regions are severely affected by soil salinization. Biotechnological techniques have been developed in order to obtain and / or selected cultivars tolerant to salinity, both under in vitro and acclimatization using osmo-stress agents incorporated into the culture medium or soil. This research was conducted in order to determine the response to salt stress induced NaCl in Musa cultivars ‘Grande naine’ (AAA) and ̔Pelipita̕ (ABB) in acclimatization phase. Morphology (levels chlorosis and necrosis), physiological (chlorophyll content) and biochemical (proline content, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide) in plants subjected to stress and controls were determined. Besides salinity levels for soil and irrigation water used for the induction of stress they were characterized. The plants in the cultivar ‘Grande naine’ involvement had higher levels than the cultivar ̔Pelipita̕ in all indicators analyzed except chlorophyll content. Both cultivars showed an increase in the number of chlorotic and necrotic leaves, chlorophyll content, proline, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde to higher NaCl concentrations in soil. The greatest damage to both cultivars were observed in soil and irrigation water with levels higher than 2,3 and 5,0 dS/m respectively salinity. Given these results, the use of NaCl as inducing agent and the procedure used during the investigation, could constitute a methodology for early selection in acclimatization phase Musa cultivars tolerant to salinity response.
Bananas and plantains grown in tropical and subtropical regions are severely affected by soil salinization. Biotechnological techniques have been developed in order to obtain and / or selected cultivars tolerant to salinity, both under in vitro and acclimatization using osmo-stress agents incorporated into the culture medium or soil. This research was conducted in order to determine the response to salt stress induced NaCl in Musa cultivars ‘Grande naine’ (AAA) and ̔Pelipita̕ (ABB) in acclimatization phase. Morphology (levels chlorosis and necrosis), physiological (chlorophyll content) and biochemical (proline content, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide) in plants subjected to stress and controls were determined. Besides salinity levels for soil and irrigation water used for the induction of stress they were characterized. The plants in the cultivar ‘Grande naine’ involvement had higher levels than the cultivar ̔Pelipita̕ in all indicators analyzed except chlorophyll content. Both cultivars showed an increase in the number of chlorotic and necrotic leaves, chlorophyll content, proline, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde to higher NaCl concentrations in soil. The greatest damage to both cultivars were observed in soil and irrigation water with levels higher than 2,3 and 5,0 dS/m respectively salinity. Given these results, the use of NaCl as inducing agent and the procedure used during the investigation, could constitute a methodology for early selection in acclimatization phase Musa cultivars tolerant to salinity response.
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Palabras clave
Musa Grande Naine, Pelipita, Clorofila, Malondialdehído, Peróxido de Hidrógeno, Estrés