Actividad antifúngica in vitro de extractos de hojas de especies del orden Zingiberales frente a Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet
Fecha
2015-07-07
Autores
Gómez Menéndez, Wendy
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
Mycosphaerella fijiensis es el agente causal de la Sigatoka negra, principal enfermedad que afecta a los plátanos y bananos en Cuba. La aparición de resistencia en M. fijiensis a fungicidas, ha encaminado la búsqueda de alternativas, como el uso de extractos de plantas. Las fenilfenalenonas son fitoanticipinas y fitoalexinas presentes en especies del orden Zingiberales. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la actividad antifúngica in vitro de extractos de hojas de especies del orden Zingiberales frente a M. fijiensis. Los extractos se obtuvieron mediante extracción asistida por ultrasonido, se realizó una partición de los mismos con solventes de diferente polaridad; una cromatografía en placa delgada y se cuantificó el contenido de fenoles. Para cada extracto y las fracciones se
determinó la concentración mínima inhibitoria. A los extractos y fracciones promisorias se les determinó la inhibición del crecimiento y de la germinación de conidios de M. fijiensis. Se identificó la presencia de fenilfenalenonas en los extractos crudos, así como en las fracciones clorofórmicas y etílicas. Las fracciones clorofórmicas de todas las especies y las fracciones etílicas de Musa textilis y Alpina purpurata mostraron actividad frente a M. fijiensis a concentraciones iguales o inferiores a 4 000 μg.mL-1. A las 72 h de incubación solamente inhibieron el crecimiento del hongo las fracciones clorofórmicas de Strelitzia reginae, A. speciosa y A. purpurata. Todos los extractos promisorios mostraron un porcentaje inhibición de la germinación del tubo germinativo de los conidios de M. fijiensis,
superior al 85%. Este estudio demostró la potencialidad del uso de extractos de hojas de plantas del orden Zingiberales para el control de M. fijiensis.
Mycosphaerella fijiensis is the causal agent of black Sigatoka, the main disease that affect plantains and bananas in Cuba. The apparition of resistance in M. fijiensis, to fungicides, had motive the search of alternative, as the use of plant extract. The phenylphenalenones are phytoanticipins and phytoalexin presents in species of the Zingiberales order. The aim of this research was to determinate the in vitro antifungal activity of leaves extracts of species of the Zingiberales order against M. fijiensis. The extracts were obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction; a partition with solvent of different polarity was done to the extract, a thin layer chromatography was done and total content of phenols was quantified. For each extract and the fractions, it was determinate the minimum inhibitory concentration. To the promissory extract and fraction the inhibition of the mycelial growth and the germination of conidia were determinate. The presence of phenylphenalenones was identified in the crude extract and in the choloformics and ethyls fractions. All chloroformics fractions and ethyls fractions of Musa textilis and Alpina purpurata showed activity against M. fijienis at the concentration equal o inferior of 4 000 μg.mL-1. At the 72 h of incubation the growth of the fungus only was inhibit by the choloformic fraction of Strelitzia reginae, A. speciosa and A. purpurata. All the promissory extract showed an inhibition percentage of the conidia germination superior to the 85%. This study demonstrated the potential of using extracts of leaves of plants in Zingiberales order for the control of M. fijiensis.
Mycosphaerella fijiensis is the causal agent of black Sigatoka, the main disease that affect plantains and bananas in Cuba. The apparition of resistance in M. fijiensis, to fungicides, had motive the search of alternative, as the use of plant extract. The phenylphenalenones are phytoanticipins and phytoalexin presents in species of the Zingiberales order. The aim of this research was to determinate the in vitro antifungal activity of leaves extracts of species of the Zingiberales order against M. fijiensis. The extracts were obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction; a partition with solvent of different polarity was done to the extract, a thin layer chromatography was done and total content of phenols was quantified. For each extract and the fractions, it was determinate the minimum inhibitory concentration. To the promissory extract and fraction the inhibition of the mycelial growth and the germination of conidia were determinate. The presence of phenylphenalenones was identified in the crude extract and in the choloformics and ethyls fractions. All chloroformics fractions and ethyls fractions of Musa textilis and Alpina purpurata showed activity against M. fijienis at the concentration equal o inferior of 4 000 μg.mL-1. At the 72 h of incubation the growth of the fungus only was inhibit by the choloformic fraction of Strelitzia reginae, A. speciosa and A. purpurata. All the promissory extract showed an inhibition percentage of the conidia germination superior to the 85%. This study demonstrated the potential of using extracts of leaves of plants in Zingiberales order for the control of M. fijiensis.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Extractos vegetales, Zingiberales, Sigatoka negra