Evaluación del comportamiento de mezclas de residuos forestales e industriales en la remoción de color de aguas residuales
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Fecha
2013-06-25
Autores
Vazquez Moya, Yanira
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas .
Resumen
El presente trabajo ha sido realizado a causa de la presencia de colorantes en los
residuales del Combinado Textil “Desembarco del Granma”, ubicado en la Carretera a
Camajuaní km 21/2 Santa Clara, provincia Villa Clara. En el trabajo se identificaron los
tipos de contaminación, las características principales de los colorantes y tintes más
usados en la industria textil y en especial el impacto ambiental que provocan. Se
propuso la biosorción como alternativa al tratamiento puesto en práctica actualmente
en la fábrica. Se evaluó el empleo de biosorbentes para la remoción de color de aguas
residuales, se realizaron experimentos con el azul de metileno y aserrín de pino y
mezclas de este último con bagazo de caña, alcanzándose para ambos casos
remociones superiores al 90. Se ajustaron los datos experimentales a un modelo
cinético de pseudo-segundo orden, además se hicieron estudios termodinámicos y de
equilibrio que indican el comportamiento del proceso, describiendo el proceso
exotérmico y espontáneo. A las mejores condiciones de trabajo alcanzadas para las
soluciones ideales se realizaron corridas experimentales para aguas reales. Fueron
identificadas las etapas principales de un proceso para la remoción de color a escala
industrial, también se determinó la cantidad de adsorbente a utilizar y la capacidad de
los equipos, mediante los balances de materiales, se estimaron los costos de
inversión, los costos de operación y los costos totales de producción.
The present work has been carried out because of the presence of coloring in the residual of the Textile Industry "Desembarco del Granma", located in the Highway to Camajuaní km 21/2 Santa Clara, county Villa Clara. In the work the types of contamination, the main characteristics of the colorings and tints were identified more used in the textile industry and especially the environmental impact that they cause. The biosorption was proposed as a good alternative to the treatment that is carried out in the factory. The biosorbents employment was evaluated for the removal of color of residual waters, they were carried out experiments with the methylen blue and pine sawdust and mixtures of this last one with cane bagasse, reaching stops both cases superior removals at the 90. The experimental data were adjusted a kinetic model of pseudo-second order, thermodynamic studies were also made and of balance that they indicate the behavior of the process, describing the process exothermical and spontaneous. To the best work conditions reached for the ideal solutions they were carried out experimental races for real waters. The main stages of a process were identified for the color removal to industrial scale, the quantity of adsorbents was also determined to use and the capacity of the equipment, by means of the balances of materials, they were considered the investment costs, the operation costs and the total costs of production.
The present work has been carried out because of the presence of coloring in the residual of the Textile Industry "Desembarco del Granma", located in the Highway to Camajuaní km 21/2 Santa Clara, county Villa Clara. In the work the types of contamination, the main characteristics of the colorings and tints were identified more used in the textile industry and especially the environmental impact that they cause. The biosorption was proposed as a good alternative to the treatment that is carried out in the factory. The biosorbents employment was evaluated for the removal of color of residual waters, they were carried out experiments with the methylen blue and pine sawdust and mixtures of this last one with cane bagasse, reaching stops both cases superior removals at the 90. The experimental data were adjusted a kinetic model of pseudo-second order, thermodynamic studies were also made and of balance that they indicate the behavior of the process, describing the process exothermical and spontaneous. To the best work conditions reached for the ideal solutions they were carried out experimental races for real waters. The main stages of a process were identified for the color removal to industrial scale, the quantity of adsorbents was also determined to use and the capacity of the equipment, by means of the balances of materials, they were considered the investment costs, the operation costs and the total costs of production.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Combinado Textil Desembarco del Granma, Industria Textil, Santa Clara, Contaminación Ambiental, Medio Ambiente., Aguas Residuales