Estudio de Criterios Técnicos para la Aplicación de Enfoques de Reducción de Desastres en el Planeamiento y Diseño Urbanos de Asentamientos Habitacionales
Archivos
Fecha
2008-07-02
Autores
Calderón Cabrera, Silvana
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas
Resumen
En las últimas décadas se está elevando recurrencia y magnitud de los
desastres naturales en diferentes zonas geográficas, lo cual trae consigo
consecuencias negativas para el planeta.
Las zonas residenciales de la ciudad son en muchas ocasiones vulnerables
ante desastres. Los conjuntos habitacionales existen con tipologías precarias,
insuficiencias en su infraestructura; unido a la localización frecuente en áreas
riesgosas.
El desarrollo habitacional en Cuba de nuevas viviendas en las ciudades y
demás poblados urbanos y rurales, se verifica con mayor proporción en
asentamientos que se localizan en áreas periféricas o sub-urbanas y en
determinados espacios urbanos reservados en los planes de ordenamiento
urbano. Sin embargo, en el planeamiento y diseño de tales asentamientos
residenciales persisten factores de vulnerabilidad al desastre natural que
incrementan la vulnerabilidad global de la ciudad en su conjunto.
El presente Trabajo de Diploma realiza un estudio, aplicado a la ciudad de
Santa Clara, de las variables de vulnerabilidad al desastre natural de los
asentamientos habitacionales, desde el punto de vista de su planeamiento y
diseño urbanos.
Para esto, selecciona y estudia los casos de las entidades profesionales que se
ocupan del planeamiento y diseño de los asentamientos, así como a grupos de
profesionales de dichas entidades y a una muestra de proyectos reales de
asentamientos habitacionales de la ciudad, lo cual permite realizar un conjunto
de recomendaciones útiles para elevar laeficiencia del planeamiento y diseño
urbanos de los asentamientos, bajo el enfoque de la reducción de riesgos al
desastre natural.
In the last decades the recurrence and magnitside of the natural disasters are increasing in different geographic zones its negative consequences for the planet. The residential areas of the city are specially important for the vulnerability to disasters. The housing groups exist with precarious characteristics, inadequacies in their infrastructure; besides the frequent localization in risky zones. The housing development in Cuba of new dwellings in the cities and other urban and rural towns is proved with greater proportion in settlements located in peripheral or sub-urban areas and in inthe plans of urban regulation. However, factors of vulnerability to the natural disaster that increase the global of the city vulnerability persist in the planning and design of such residential settlements. The present diploma thesis carries out a study, applied to Santa Clara city, of the vulnerability variables to the natural disaster of the residence establishments, from the point of view of its planning and urban design. For this, the cases of the professional enterprises that are in charge of the planning and design of the settlements are selected studied, as well as to professionals' of this enterprises groupsand a sample of real projects of residence settlements of the city, that which allows to carry out a group of useful recommendations to increase the efficiency of the planning and urban design of the settlements, approaching the reduction of risks to the natural disaster.
In the last decades the recurrence and magnitside of the natural disasters are increasing in different geographic zones its negative consequences for the planet. The residential areas of the city are specially important for the vulnerability to disasters. The housing groups exist with precarious characteristics, inadequacies in their infrastructure; besides the frequent localization in risky zones. The housing development in Cuba of new dwellings in the cities and other urban and rural towns is proved with greater proportion in settlements located in peripheral or sub-urban areas and in inthe plans of urban regulation. However, factors of vulnerability to the natural disaster that increase the global of the city vulnerability persist in the planning and design of such residential settlements. The present diploma thesis carries out a study, applied to Santa Clara city, of the vulnerability variables to the natural disaster of the residence establishments, from the point of view of its planning and urban design. For this, the cases of the professional enterprises that are in charge of the planning and design of the settlements are selected studied, as well as to professionals' of this enterprises groupsand a sample of real projects of residence settlements of the city, that which allows to carry out a group of useful recommendations to increase the efficiency of the planning and urban design of the settlements, approaching the reduction of risks to the natural disaster.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Planeamiento Urbano, Diseño Urbano, Asentamientos Habitacionales, Vulnerabilidad Global, Santa Clara, Enfoques de Reducción de Desastres, Planning