Diagnóstico de máquinas rotatorias mediante el análisis de vibraciones en la industria azucarera
Fecha
2013-07-20
Autores
Carbajal Mira, Horacio
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
El trabajo de diploma tiene como objetivo el análisis de las vibraciones mecánicas en los equipos rotatorios industriales, por ser un mecanismo eficiente para la detección de fallos en las maquinarias. En un primer momento fue necesario conceptualizar las técnicas de análisis y procesamiento de las señales aplicadas al diagnóstico de máquinas rotatorias; las técnicas generales de detección de fallos, la modelación de las vibraciones debido a fallos locales, el dominio del tiempo y la frecuencia; así como la descripción de la industria azucarera, equipos críticos y normas técnicas relacionadas con la medición y el control de vibraciones en el sector industrial azucarero. El estudio funcional y constructivo de la maquinaria en el central azucarero “Abel Santamaría Cuadrado” compone el segundo momento del presente estudio. Para lo cual, se trazaron estrategias para la medición de las vibraciones en la maquinaria seleccionada: Ventilador de tiro inducido (VTI). Finalmente, se analizan los resultados
obtenidos a través de los diagnósticos, lo que llevó a la toma de medidas para el control y aislamiento de las vibraciones. Pudo corroborarse, a partir del análisis comparativo entre las mediciones iniciales y las correcciones que fue satisfactorio el método de balanceo.
The objective of the current diploma paper is the analysis of the mechanic vibrations in the industrial rotator equipments, for being an efficient way for the detection of failures in the machineries. Firstly, it was necessary to conceptualise the analysis and processing techniques of the signals applied in the diagnose of the rotator machines; the general techniques for detecting the failures in rotator machines, the modelling of vibrations due to local failures, knowledge about time and frequency, as well as the description of the sugar industry, critical equipment and technical norms related to the measurement and control of the vibrations in the sugar industry sector. Secondly, it was carried out a constructive and functional study of the machinery in the sugar mill “Abel Santamaría Cuadrado”. To the vibrations in the selected equipment: VTI (by its Spanish acronyms). Finally, the results achieved were analysed by a diagnoses what lead to the taking of measurement for the control and isolation of the vibrations. According to the comparative analysis between the initial conditions and the corrections made, it was confirmed that the method of balancing was effective.
The objective of the current diploma paper is the analysis of the mechanic vibrations in the industrial rotator equipments, for being an efficient way for the detection of failures in the machineries. Firstly, it was necessary to conceptualise the analysis and processing techniques of the signals applied in the diagnose of the rotator machines; the general techniques for detecting the failures in rotator machines, the modelling of vibrations due to local failures, knowledge about time and frequency, as well as the description of the sugar industry, critical equipment and technical norms related to the measurement and control of the vibrations in the sugar industry sector. Secondly, it was carried out a constructive and functional study of the machinery in the sugar mill “Abel Santamaría Cuadrado”. To the vibrations in the selected equipment: VTI (by its Spanish acronyms). Finally, the results achieved were analysed by a diagnoses what lead to the taking of measurement for the control and isolation of the vibrations. According to the comparative analysis between the initial conditions and the corrections made, it was confirmed that the method of balancing was effective.
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Palabras clave
Máquinas, Máquinas Rotatorias, Industria Azucarera, Vibraciones Mecánicas