Propuesta de alternativa y diseño de planta para el tratamiento de residuales mercuriales confinados en nichos, en la Electroquímica de Sagua
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Fecha
2006-06-25
Autores
Busto Yera, Yailén
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas
Resumen
Este trabajo tiene como objetivo medular desarrollar la alternativa de tratamiento
más factible a emplear en los lodos mercuriales confinados en nichos en la
Electroquímica de Sagua. Para ello se realizó un estudio bibliográfico relacionado
con las distintas alternativas de tratamiento que se utilizan actualmente a escala
mundial, seleccionándose finalmente la alternativa de Tratamiento Térmico, la cual
es, desde el punto de vista de las condiciones específicas del residual mercurial y
de la información disponible, la más consistente para un diseño tecnológico y por
ende la más idónea para su implementación. También se practicó a escala de
laboratorio la prueba de secado, la cual nos permitió realizar un diseño más
certero del proceso de secado de la torta mercurial. Se seleccionó el equipamiento
a usar en la planta de tratamiento propuesta, teniendo en cuenta los
requerimientos reales del proceso. Se desarrollaron además los balances de masa
y energía, necesarios para lograr un correcto diseño del equipamiento escogido
para cada una de las etapas comprendidas en el proceso. Además se estudiaron
dos variantes tecnológicas para la etapa de condensación, desarrollando la
primera variante para el proceso sin recuperación de calor y la segunda, para el
proceso con recuperación de calor. Para ambas variantes se acometió el diseño,
el análisis económico y la simulación, con la utilización de las herramientas
computacionales Excel y PSI.
This work has as medullar objective to develop the alternative of more feasible treatment to use in the mercurial muds confined in niches in the Electrochemistry of Sagua. For that was carried out it a bibliographical study related with the different treatment alternatives that they are used at the moment to world scale, being selected the alternative of Thermal Treatment finally, which is, from the point of view of the mercurial specific conditions of the residual one and of the available information, the most consistent for a technological design and the most suitable for their implementation. Also was practiced to laboratory scale the drying test, which allowed to be carried out a better design of the process of drying of the mercurial cake. The equipment was selected to use in the proposed treatment plant, keeping in mind the real requirements of the process. They were also developed the balances of mass and energy, necessary to achieve a correct design of the chosen equipment for each one of the stages understood in the process. Two technological variants were also studied for the condensation stage, developing the first variant for the process without recovery of heat and the second for the process with recovery of heat. For both variants it was attacked the design, the economic analysis and the simulation, with the use of the computational tools Excel and PSI.
This work has as medullar objective to develop the alternative of more feasible treatment to use in the mercurial muds confined in niches in the Electrochemistry of Sagua. For that was carried out it a bibliographical study related with the different treatment alternatives that they are used at the moment to world scale, being selected the alternative of Thermal Treatment finally, which is, from the point of view of the mercurial specific conditions of the residual one and of the available information, the most consistent for a technological design and the most suitable for their implementation. Also was practiced to laboratory scale the drying test, which allowed to be carried out a better design of the process of drying of the mercurial cake. The equipment was selected to use in the proposed treatment plant, keeping in mind the real requirements of the process. They were also developed the balances of mass and energy, necessary to achieve a correct design of the chosen equipment for each one of the stages understood in the process. Two technological variants were also studied for the condensation stage, developing the first variant for the process without recovery of heat and the second for the process with recovery of heat. For both variants it was attacked the design, the economic analysis and the simulation, with the use of the computational tools Excel and PSI.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Empresa Electroquímica de Sagua la Grande (ELQUIM), Impacto Socio - Ambiental., Mercurio/efectos adversos, Mercury/adverse effects, Tratamiento Térmico, Thermic Treatment