Evaluación de alternativas de cogeneración en la UEB Central Carlos Baliño
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Fecha
2014-07-20
Autores
Sicilia Alba, Denys
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
El presente trabajo de diploma se realizó vinculado a la UEB Central Carlos Baliño. En el desarrollo
del mismo se abordaron temas relacionados con la cogeneración. De esta se abordaron sus aspectos
más significativos: concepto y beneficios, también sus inconvenientes, los elementos que lo conforman, las tecnologías empleadas para lograrla y se destacaron el uso de la cogeneración con
turbinas de vapor, de gas, de ciclo combinado y además con motores de combustión interna y de
biomasa con gasificación. Se abordaron los diferentes procesos implicados en la producción de
azúcar y cuáles de ellos se consumía vapor. Se realizó una modelación en estado estacionario del
proceso actual de producción de electricidad y calor del Central Carlos Baliño apoyado en una serie
de balances de materiales y energía dando como resultado que entre los dos turbogeneradores se
genera una potencia de 3,16 MW muy cercana a la realidad que es 3,0 MW, un índice de generación
de 32 kWh/tonelada de caña y el índice de consumo eléctrico propio es de 30kWh/tonelada de caña,
además que la potencia eléctrica consumida es de 2,95MW. Por último se evaluaron dos alternativas
de cogeneración, ambas tecnológicamente iguales pero la segunda incrementando el tiempo de
generación en 50 días mediante compra de biomasa adicional. Como resultado se obtuvo que en la
primera su VAN (valor actual neto) de 1900000 y en la alternativa dos 4460000 y en la primera
alternativa el TIR (tasa interna de retorno) de 12% y en la segunda 14% siendo la misma entonces
más viable.
This diploma work was carried linked to Carlos Baliño Central UEB. In the development of the cogeneration issues were addressed. This of boarded their most significant aspects: concept and benefits, also its drawbacks, the elements that comprise the technologies employed to achieve and use of cogeneration steam turbines, gas combined cycle is highlighted and also with internal combustion engines and biomass gasification. The different processes involved were addressed in the production of sugar and which ones consumed steam. One modeling was performed in steady state of the current process of producing electricity and heat Central Carlos Baliño was relying on a number of material balances and energy giving us the result that the two turbine generators rated at 3.16 MW very close is generated to reality is 3.0 MW, generating an index of 32 kWh / ton of cane and the rate of electricity consumption itself is 30kWh/tonelada cane, besides the consumed electric power is 2.95MW, Finally cogeneration two alternatives were evaluated, both technologically equal but increasing the time the second generation in 50 days by purchasing additional biomass. It was observed that in the first the NPV (net present value) of 1900000 and 4460000 in dos and alternative in the first alternative the IRR (internal rate of return) of 12% and 14% in the second being the same then more viable.
This diploma work was carried linked to Carlos Baliño Central UEB. In the development of the cogeneration issues were addressed. This of boarded their most significant aspects: concept and benefits, also its drawbacks, the elements that comprise the technologies employed to achieve and use of cogeneration steam turbines, gas combined cycle is highlighted and also with internal combustion engines and biomass gasification. The different processes involved were addressed in the production of sugar and which ones consumed steam. One modeling was performed in steady state of the current process of producing electricity and heat Central Carlos Baliño was relying on a number of material balances and energy giving us the result that the two turbine generators rated at 3.16 MW very close is generated to reality is 3.0 MW, generating an index of 32 kWh / ton of cane and the rate of electricity consumption itself is 30kWh/tonelada cane, besides the consumed electric power is 2.95MW, Finally cogeneration two alternatives were evaluated, both technologically equal but increasing the time the second generation in 50 days by purchasing additional biomass. It was observed that in the first the NPV (net present value) of 1900000 and 4460000 in dos and alternative in the first alternative the IRR (internal rate of return) of 12% and 14% in the second being the same then more viable.
Descripción
Palabras clave
UEB Central Carlos Baliño, Cogeneración / Alternativas, Evaluación, Turbinas de Vapor, Motores de Combustión Interna