Composición química y actividad antioxidante del aceite esencial y extractos orgánicos de las hojas de Mosiera bullata
Archivos
Fecha
2014-06-25
Autores
De Armas Mesa, Yuriam
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
En el presente trabajo se estudió el aceite esencial y tres extractos obtenidos de las hojas de Mosiera bullata, recolectada en el Jardín botánico de la Universidad Central de Las Villas. El aceite fue obtenido por hidrodestilación y los extractos por extracción sólido-líquido, con acetato de etilo, acetona y metanol como solventes. Fue evaluada la composición química del aceite, empleando la cromatografía gaseosa acoplada a masa (GC-MS, siglas en inglés), identificando 4 componentes mayoritarios que representan el 83,0% de los cuales el componente en mayor proporción fue el 1,8-cineol seguido del DL-Mentol y el Eugenol. Además, se determinó el perfil cromatográfico, por Cromatografía Gaseosa con detección por ionización por llama (GC-FID, siglas en inglés), del aceite y los extractos y se obtuvo coincidentemente que los compuestos mayoritarios citados se encontraban en todas las muestras. Se validó la técnica GC-FID para determinar Eugenol en las muestras evaluadas, siendo fiable en un rango de concentración entre 0,5-2,5μg\mL, obteniéndose que el aceite y los extractos de acetato de etilo, acetona y metanol contienen 0,44±0,014; 1,39±0,06; 2,15±0,05 y 2,77±0,22%, respectivamente. Se determinó el contenido fenólico en el aceite y los extractos obteniéndose un mayor contenido para el extracto metanólico, seguido del acetato de etilo y la acetona, mientras que el aceite mostró un bajo contenido de estos compuestos. Estos valores estuvieron en total correspondencia con los resultados obtenidos al evaluar la actividad antioxidante en extractos y aceite, para lo cual se emplearon diferentes métodos “in vitro”, que a su vez incluyen dos mecanismos de acción descritos en la literatura: la evaluación de la peroxidación lipídica y la habilidad secuestradora a los radicales libres. El aceite mostró un potencial antioxidante menor que los patrones de antioxidantes y los extractos evaluados en la totalidad de los ensayos. Los extractos presentan una actividad apreciable, similar a los patrones utilizados, siendo esta superior en el extracto metanólico.
Was studied the essential oil and three obtained extracts of the leaves of Mosiera bullata, gathered in the botanical Garden of the Central University of Las Villas. The oil was obtained by hidrodestilation and the extracts by extraction solid-liquid, with ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol. The chemical composition of the oil was evaluated, using the couple gas chromatography to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and it was obtained 4 majority components that represent 83,0% of which the component in more proportion was the 1,8-cineole followed by the DL-menthol and the eugenol. Also, the chromatographic profile of the oil and the extracts was determined, for Gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID), and was obtained that the mentioned majority compounds were in all the samples. The technical GC-FID was validated to determine eugenol in the valued samples, being reliable in a concentration range among 0,5-2,5 μg\mL, being obtained that the oil and the extracts of ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol contain 0,44±0,014; 1,39±0,06; 2,15±0,05 and 2,77±0,22%, respectively. The phenolic content was determined in the oil and the extracts being obtained a bigger content for the methanolic extract, followed by the ethyl acetate and the acetone, while the oil showed a low contained of this parameter. These values are in total correspondence with the obtained results when evaluating the antioxidant efficiency in extracts and oil, for that which different "in vitro" methods were used, that in turn include two mechanisms of action described in the literature: the evaluation of the lipidic peroxidation and the free radicals scavenning ability. The oil showed a smaller antioxidant potential that the antioxidant patterns and the extracts evaluated in the entirety of the assays. The extracts present an appreciable activity, similar to the utilized patterns, being this superior in the methanolic extract.
Was studied the essential oil and three obtained extracts of the leaves of Mosiera bullata, gathered in the botanical Garden of the Central University of Las Villas. The oil was obtained by hidrodestilation and the extracts by extraction solid-liquid, with ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol. The chemical composition of the oil was evaluated, using the couple gas chromatography to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and it was obtained 4 majority components that represent 83,0% of which the component in more proportion was the 1,8-cineole followed by the DL-menthol and the eugenol. Also, the chromatographic profile of the oil and the extracts was determined, for Gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID), and was obtained that the mentioned majority compounds were in all the samples. The technical GC-FID was validated to determine eugenol in the valued samples, being reliable in a concentration range among 0,5-2,5 μg\mL, being obtained that the oil and the extracts of ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol contain 0,44±0,014; 1,39±0,06; 2,15±0,05 and 2,77±0,22%, respectively. The phenolic content was determined in the oil and the extracts being obtained a bigger content for the methanolic extract, followed by the ethyl acetate and the acetone, while the oil showed a low contained of this parameter. These values are in total correspondence with the obtained results when evaluating the antioxidant efficiency in extracts and oil, for that which different "in vitro" methods were used, that in turn include two mechanisms of action described in the literature: the evaluation of the lipidic peroxidation and the free radicals scavenning ability. The oil showed a smaller antioxidant potential that the antioxidant patterns and the extracts evaluated in the entirety of the assays. The extracts present an appreciable activity, similar to the utilized patterns, being this superior in the methanolic extract.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Jardín Botánico de la Universidad Central de Las Villas, Plantas Aromáticas, Aceites Volátiles, Aceites Volátiles, Plantas Medicinales, Plants, Medicinal, Mosiera bullata, Cromatografía de Gases, Chromatography, Gas