Evaluación de los riesgos de accidentes graves en los procesos auxiliares y de producción de aceites básicos de la refinería “Sergio soto Valdés” de Cabaiguán
Fecha
2016-06
Autores
González Herrera, Jorge Enrique
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Facultad de Química Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
La tesis se desarrolla en la refinería “Sergio Soto Valdés”, ubicada en el perímetro industrial de la ciudad de Cabaiguán, se realiza una evaluación cualitativa y semicuantitativa preliminar de riesgos mediante la aplicación del sofware Hazoptimizer 5.0 modificado, el Índice de Dow de Incendio y Explosión, el ¿What If? y la lista de chequeo con el objetivo de evaluar los riesgos que están presentes en el proceso productivo de la Planta de Aceites Básicos, las trampas de tartamiento de residuos líquidos y el área de almacenamiento de combustibles, para ello se definen y caracterizan las áreas de riesgo y se describe el proceso tecnológico con potencialidades de ocasionar accidentes mayores, dentro de las áreas de riesgos definidas.
Se estima el riesgo global a partir de los resultados obtenidos del método Hazoptimizer 5.0 para el área de riesgo AR1 aplicando el método semicuantitativo y el Índice Dow de Incendio y Explosión (IIE), para el AR2 se le realiza un análisis ¿What If? y una lista de chequeo, en cambio al AR4 se le realiza el Índice Dow de Incendio y Explosión (IIE), con estos métodos se definen los niveles de jerarquía de las unidades en cuanto a su nivel de riesgo. Como resultado de esta investigación se proponen a la dirección de la Empresa una serie procedimientos y actuaciones de prevención así como un grupo de inversiones a acometer a corto plazo que contribuirán a disminuir situaciones peligrosas a las personas, instalaciones y entorno natural.
Además se evalúan desde el punto de vista económico estas inversiones demostrando su factibilidad de aplicación.
The thesis is developed in the "Sergio Soto Valdes" refinery, located in the industrial perimeter of the city of Cabaiguán, a qualitative and semi-quantitative evaluation preliminary risk is performed by applying the software Hazoptimizer 5.0 modified, the index Dow Fire & explosion, what if? and the checklist in order to assess the risks that are present in the production process of the plant base oils, traps of treatment liquid waste and storage area fuels, for this is defined and characterize areas risk and technological process is described potential to cause major accidents within the areas defined risks. Global risk is estimated from the results of the Hazoptimizer 5.0 method for risk area AR1 using the semiquantitative method and the Dow Fire and Explosion Index (IIE), for AR2 is an analysis estimated what if? and a checklist, however the AR4 is performed by the Dow Fire and Explosion Index (IIE), with these methods the hierarchy levels of the units are defined in terms of their level of risk. As a result of this research are proposed to direction the company a prevention procedure and actions as well as a group of investments under short-time help to reduce dangerous situations for people, facilities and natural surroundings series. Furthermore they assessed from the economic point of view these investments demonstrate its feasibility of application.
The thesis is developed in the "Sergio Soto Valdes" refinery, located in the industrial perimeter of the city of Cabaiguán, a qualitative and semi-quantitative evaluation preliminary risk is performed by applying the software Hazoptimizer 5.0 modified, the index Dow Fire & explosion, what if? and the checklist in order to assess the risks that are present in the production process of the plant base oils, traps of treatment liquid waste and storage area fuels, for this is defined and characterize areas risk and technological process is described potential to cause major accidents within the areas defined risks. Global risk is estimated from the results of the Hazoptimizer 5.0 method for risk area AR1 using the semiquantitative method and the Dow Fire and Explosion Index (IIE), for AR2 is an analysis estimated what if? and a checklist, however the AR4 is performed by the Dow Fire and Explosion Index (IIE), with these methods the hierarchy levels of the units are defined in terms of their level of risk. As a result of this research are proposed to direction the company a prevention procedure and actions as well as a group of investments under short-time help to reduce dangerous situations for people, facilities and natural surroundings series. Furthermore they assessed from the economic point of view these investments demonstrate its feasibility of application.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Refinería “Sergio Soto Valdés”, Cabaiguán, Industria del Petróleo, Áreas de Riesgos, Evaluación de los Riesgos, Planta de Aceites Básicos