Propuesta tecnológica para la carboximetilación almidón de yuca en medio isopropanol-agua
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Fecha
2016-06
Autores
Ayala Nuñez, Lisday
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Facultad de Química Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
La investigación presenta un estudio de la carboximetilación del almidón de yuca en isopropanol-agua empleando hidróxido de sodio como agente activante y ácido monocloroacético como agente eterificante. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica que resalta los beneficios del método empleado, ya que proporciona almidones con mejores propiedades de consistencia, poder aglutinante, gelificación, dispersión y estabilidad a cambios de pH y temperatura. Se utilizó el programa STATGRAPHICS Plus 4.1 para el procesamiento estadístico de los datos experimentales aplicando un diseño factorial 23.
En este sentido, las variables estudiadas fueron, la cantidad de agente activante la cantidad de agente eterificante y el tipo de almidón dando como variables más significativas el tipo de almidón y la dosis de ácido monocloroacético. Se fijó una capacidad de 3,5 t/d para realizar una propuesta tecnológica del proceso mediante el dimensionamiento y diseño del equipamiento. Los valores de VAN, TIR y PRD obtenidos mediante el análisis técnico-económico fueron de $ 2723013, 26% y 3,8 años,
respectivamente demostrando la factibilidad del proyecto propuesto. El análisis de sensibilidad realizado permitió determinar que el proyecto es robusto ante disminuciones del precio de la materia prima de hasta un 50%, pero muy sensible a variaciones del precio del producto terminado y la capacidad de la planta
The research presents a study of the carboxymethylation of cassava starch in isopropanolwater using sodium hydroxide as activating agent and monochloroacetic acid as etherifying agent. A literature review that highlights the benefits of the method used, providing starch with better consistency properties, binding power, gelling, dispersion and stability to changes in pH and temperature was performed. STATGRAPHICS Plus 4.1 software for statistical processing of the experimental data by applying a 23 factorial design was used. In this sense, the variables studied were, the amount of activating agent the amount of etherifying agent and type of starch resulting in more significant variables starch type and dose of monochloroacetic acid. A capacity of 3, 5 t / d was set to perform a technological proposal of the process, the dimensioning and design of the equipment. The values of NPV, IRR and DRP obtained through technical - economic analysis were $ 2723013, 26% and 3.8 years, respectively demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed project. The sensitivity analysis made it possible to determine that the project is robust to decreases in the price of the raw material up to 50 %, but very sensitive to changes in the price of the finished product and plant capacity.
The research presents a study of the carboxymethylation of cassava starch in isopropanolwater using sodium hydroxide as activating agent and monochloroacetic acid as etherifying agent. A literature review that highlights the benefits of the method used, providing starch with better consistency properties, binding power, gelling, dispersion and stability to changes in pH and temperature was performed. STATGRAPHICS Plus 4.1 software for statistical processing of the experimental data by applying a 23 factorial design was used. In this sense, the variables studied were, the amount of activating agent the amount of etherifying agent and type of starch resulting in more significant variables starch type and dose of monochloroacetic acid. A capacity of 3, 5 t / d was set to perform a technological proposal of the process, the dimensioning and design of the equipment. The values of NPV, IRR and DRP obtained through technical - economic analysis were $ 2723013, 26% and 3.8 years, respectively demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed project. The sensitivity analysis made it possible to determine that the project is robust to decreases in the price of the raw material up to 50 %, but very sensitive to changes in the price of the finished product and plant capacity.
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Palabras clave
Propiedades Físico-Químicas, Almidón de Yuca