Análisis crítico de la estructura económica de Cuba en el período de 1990 al 2010
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Fecha
2012-06-24
Autores
Entenza Montesino, Surisaday
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Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de la Villas
Resumen
Al inicio del año 1990 el país vio desmoronarse el campo socialista y en particular la Unión Soviética con los cuales se desarrollaba más del 75% del comercio exterior, además de constituir dichos países una retaguardia en cuanto a la concesión de créditos y recibir los beneficios de ser nación favorecida del CAME, por esta razón el país enfrentó grandes retos, pues tuvo lugar la crisis económica más severa que ha enfrentado la Revolución Cubana, declarándose el inicio del llamado período especial en tiempo de paz, el cual tenía como filosofía no dejar desamparado a ningún ciudadano y hasta donde fuese posible lograr una distribución equitativa, se imponía la necesidad de sobrevivir a la misma, dejar atrás el subdesarrollo y preservar las conquistas sociales alcanzadas hasta el momento. A partir de 1990 comenzó en el país un proceso de cambios estructurales con el objetivo de que tributasen al desarrollo económico y social, sin embargo, aún no se logran los resultados esperados y a la altura del 2010 todavía los cambios no concluyen, esto explica la necesidad de actualizar el modelo económico cubano y encausar una política económica que está definida en los lineamientos económicos y sociales del partido y la revolución. Es por ello que esta investigación pretende analizar de forma crítica la deformación de la estructura económica de Cuba de 1990-2010 y la relación que guarda con el crecimiento y desarrollo económico experimentado por el país a través de los cambios estructurales ocurridos en las diferentes aspectos de la economía. A través del análisis del Producto Interno Bruto, principal macro-indicador económico y además considerando aspectos como los sectores de la economía, el sector externo y la población, se pudo demostrar que la deformación estructural de la economía cubana se ha mantenido en el período de 1990-2010 y ello ha limitado el desarrollo económico del país.
Back in the beginig of 1990 our country could see how the socialist field came down and particularly The Soviet Union which we developed more than the 75% of our external trading, besides these countries constituded a support in the giving of credits and get benefits of being very helped by CAME, for this reason the country faced big challenges, because it took place the most severe economical crisis ever seen by the cuban revolution declaring then the begining of the called Special Stage in peace time, which had as phylosophy not to leave any citycen without shelter and so far as possible to obtain an equitative distribution, it was impossed the necessity of surviving to this stage, to leave the under development behind and preserve the socialist conquers reached until that moment. From 1990 began a process of sructural changes all over the country with the objective of encrease the social and economic development and nevertheless we still don’t get the expected results and up to year 2010 the changes doesn’t get to the end, so this explanes the necessity of upgrade the cuban economical model and to lead and economic policy which is defined in the social and economical linements of the party and the revolution. That’s why this research pretends to analyze in a critical form the economic structure of Cuba from 1990-2010 and the relation it keeps with the growing and devepment in the economical field experimented by the country through thestructural changes occured in the diferent aspects of the economy. Throgh out the analythis of the PIB, main economical macro-indicator and besides considering aspects how the sectors of economy, the external sector and the population, it could be demonstrated how the deformation sructural of the economy cuban has been keep in the period of 1990-2010 and that has limited the ecomical development of the country.
Back in the beginig of 1990 our country could see how the socialist field came down and particularly The Soviet Union which we developed more than the 75% of our external trading, besides these countries constituded a support in the giving of credits and get benefits of being very helped by CAME, for this reason the country faced big challenges, because it took place the most severe economical crisis ever seen by the cuban revolution declaring then the begining of the called Special Stage in peace time, which had as phylosophy not to leave any citycen without shelter and so far as possible to obtain an equitative distribution, it was impossed the necessity of surviving to this stage, to leave the under development behind and preserve the socialist conquers reached until that moment. From 1990 began a process of sructural changes all over the country with the objective of encrease the social and economic development and nevertheless we still don’t get the expected results and up to year 2010 the changes doesn’t get to the end, so this explanes the necessity of upgrade the cuban economical model and to lead and economic policy which is defined in the social and economical linements of the party and the revolution. That’s why this research pretends to analyze in a critical form the economic structure of Cuba from 1990-2010 and the relation it keeps with the growing and devepment in the economical field experimented by the country through thestructural changes occured in the diferent aspects of the economy. Throgh out the analythis of the PIB, main economical macro-indicator and besides considering aspects how the sectors of economy, the external sector and the population, it could be demonstrated how the deformation sructural of the economy cuban has been keep in the period of 1990-2010 and that has limited the ecomical development of the country.
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Palabras clave
Estructura Económica, Comercio Exterior, Crisis Económica, Cuba