Calidad de las aguas utilizadas para regadío en el “Valle del Yabú” Santa Clara
Fecha
2017-07-06
Autores
Gime de Oliveira, Eduardo
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu “ de Las Villas. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Biología
Resumen
La contaminación de las aguas se ha incrementado a lo largo de los años y ha sido causada
fundamentalmente por el desarrollo industrial y crecimiento poblacional. Actualmente existe una
creciente preocupación por los efectos que causa el uso de aguas residuales en el riego por lo que el
objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la calidad de las aguas utilizadas para regadío en el “Valle del
Yabú”. Se determinaron, indicadores microbiológicos y químicos. Además, se evaluó la ecotoxicidad de
las aguas utilizadas para regadío, empleando un bioensayo in vitro de toxicidad aguda, rápido, sencillo y
económico, utilizando bulbos de Allium cepa L. En el período de estudio es de señalar que los valores
obtenidos en cuanto a coliformes totales y termotolerantes son >0,16 x103 NMP/100 mL, los que
superan en gran medida los admitidos en las normas de referencia. Los contenidos de nitrito y amoníaco
muestran valores superiores a las concentraciones establecidas en las NC vigentes. Por tanto, las aguas
se evalúan de No Aptas para el riego agrícola de cultivos y vegetales que se consumen de forma directa
sin cocción. En el ensayo de toxicidad aguda en Allium cepa L., las muestras de agua analizadas son
fitotóxicas a concentraciones superiores al 25 % en el caso del Punto 1, mientras que las muestras
correspondientes a los Puntos 2 y 3 manifiestan su fitotoxicidad a partir del 75 %. Con los resultados
obtenidos se evidencia la necesidad de utilizar una batería más amplia que incluya otros biomodelos
además de ensayos subcrónicos y crónicos.
Water pollution has increased over the years and has been caused primarily by industrial development and population growth. Currently there is a growing concern about the effects of using wastewater for irrigation, so the objective of the research was to evaluate the quality of the water used for irrigation in "Valle del Yabú". Microbiological and chemical indicators were determined. In addition, the ecotoxicity of irrigation water was evaluated using a rapid, simple and economical in vitro bioassay of acute toxicity by using Allium cepa L. bulbs. During the period the analysis was carried out, it is noted that the values were obtained in terms of total and thermotolerants coliforms are > 0.16 x 10 3 NMP / 100 mL, which far exceeds those allowed in the reference standards. The contents of nitrite and ammonia show values higher than the concentrations established in the current CS. Therefore, water is evaluated as not suitable for agricultural irrigation of crops and vegetables that are consumed directly without cooking. In the acute toxicity test in Allium cepa L., the water samples were analyzed, turned out to be phytotoxic at concentrations higher than 25% in the case of Point 1, while the samples corresponding to Points 2 and 3 show their phytotoxicity after 75 %. The results show the need to use a wider battery that includes other biomodels in addition to subchronic and chronic tests.
Water pollution has increased over the years and has been caused primarily by industrial development and population growth. Currently there is a growing concern about the effects of using wastewater for irrigation, so the objective of the research was to evaluate the quality of the water used for irrigation in "Valle del Yabú". Microbiological and chemical indicators were determined. In addition, the ecotoxicity of irrigation water was evaluated using a rapid, simple and economical in vitro bioassay of acute toxicity by using Allium cepa L. bulbs. During the period the analysis was carried out, it is noted that the values were obtained in terms of total and thermotolerants coliforms are > 0.16 x 10 3 NMP / 100 mL, which far exceeds those allowed in the reference standards. The contents of nitrite and ammonia show values higher than the concentrations established in the current CS. Therefore, water is evaluated as not suitable for agricultural irrigation of crops and vegetables that are consumed directly without cooking. In the acute toxicity test in Allium cepa L., the water samples were analyzed, turned out to be phytotoxic at concentrations higher than 25% in the case of Point 1, while the samples corresponding to Points 2 and 3 show their phytotoxicity after 75 %. The results show the need to use a wider battery that includes other biomodels in addition to subchronic and chronic tests.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Contaminación, Aguas Residuales, Riego, Empresa de Cultivos Varios “Valle del Yabú"