Uso del bambú como material de construcción para contribuir al mejoramiento del hábitat
Fecha
2017-07-25
Autores
Borges Navarro, Amanda Teresa
Título de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Central ¨Marta Abreu¨ de Las Villas. Facultad de Construcciones. Departamento de Arquitectura.
Resumen
El bambú es una planta de rápido crecimiento, ligera, flexible, renovable, ayuda a reducir
las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, evita la erosión de los suelos y regula los
caudales del agua. En la actualidad es uno de los principales materiales de construcción de
viviendas sociales y adaptables al cambio climático; siendo objeto de estudio de
innumerables personas, principalmente en Europa y América del Sur. En Cuba la
construcción de viviendas sociales económicas, resistentes y sustentables, siempre ha
resultado uno de los problemas fundamentales que la Revolución ha puesto en mano de
arquitectos e ingenieros, siendo el bambú una alternativa novedosa y sostenible, que, por
falta de estudios, todavía no existe en el país la motivación y documentación necesaria para
incrementar su cultivo y explotación como material de construcción. Tanto es así que si se
generalizara su uso, el país podría satisfacer el 75% de la demanda de madera. Mediante un
estudio de las diferentes tecnologías constructivas con base en el bambú como su principal
material, se llegó a la conclusión que el muro tendinoso y las tejas de bambú son soluciones
viables al problema de la vivienda social, pudiendo incluso llegar a variantes de
prefabricación. La presente tesis propone tres prototipos de viviendas sociales, tanto de
campo como de ciudad, las cuales son de rápida fabricación y adaptables a las condiciones
del terreno, en las que el cliente juega un papel fundamental tanto en el diseño espacial
como en la construcción de las mismas.
Bamboo is a fast-growing, lightweight, flexible, renewable plant that helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions, prevents soil erosion, and regulates water flows. At present it is one of the main building materials of social housing and adaptable to climate change; being subject of study of innumerable people, mainly in Europe and South America. In Cuba, the building of affordable, resilient and sustainable social housing has always been one of the fundamental problems that the Revolution has placed in the hands of architects and engineers, with bamboo being a novel and sustainable alternative, which, for lack of studies, does not exist in the country the motivation and documentation necessary to increase its cultivation and exploitation as construction material. So if its use were generalized, the country could meet 75% of the demand for wood. Through a study of the different constructive technologies based on bamboo as their main material, it was concluded that the tendinous wall and bamboo tiles are viable solutions to the problem of social housing, and may even reach variants of prefabrication. The present thesis proposes three prototypes of social housing, both in the countryside and in the city, which are quickly manufactured and adaptable to the conditions of the land, in which the client plays a fundamental role both in spatial design and in the building of the houses.
Bamboo is a fast-growing, lightweight, flexible, renewable plant that helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions, prevents soil erosion, and regulates water flows. At present it is one of the main building materials of social housing and adaptable to climate change; being subject of study of innumerable people, mainly in Europe and South America. In Cuba, the building of affordable, resilient and sustainable social housing has always been one of the fundamental problems that the Revolution has placed in the hands of architects and engineers, with bamboo being a novel and sustainable alternative, which, for lack of studies, does not exist in the country the motivation and documentation necessary to increase its cultivation and exploitation as construction material. So if its use were generalized, the country could meet 75% of the demand for wood. Through a study of the different constructive technologies based on bamboo as their main material, it was concluded that the tendinous wall and bamboo tiles are viable solutions to the problem of social housing, and may even reach variants of prefabrication. The present thesis proposes three prototypes of social housing, both in the countryside and in the city, which are quickly manufactured and adaptable to the conditions of the land, in which the client plays a fundamental role both in spatial design and in the building of the houses.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Bambú, Mejoramiento del Hábitat, Materiales de Construcción