Análisis Modal Operacional en estructuras mediante el empleo de acelerómetros
Fecha
2017-07-06
Autores
del Sol Companioni, Félix Daniel
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Editor
Universidad Central ¨ Marta Abreu¨de Las Villas.Facultad de Construcciones.Departamento de Ingenieria Civil
Resumen
En la presente investigación se realiza una síntesis de la teoría acerca del Análisis Modal Operacional, el cual abarca desde la obtención de los datos en la estructura, el ajuste de los mismos con los métodos de identificación, la elaboración de un modelo matemático derivado de dicha identificación hasta la obtención de los parámetros modales que caracterizan a dicha estructura.
En la misma se analiza más a fondo los métodos de identificación estocásticos, sobre todo los que están incluidos en el software para el Análisis Modal: MACEC. Organizándolos en métodos paramétricos y no paramétricos; señalando a su vez sus potencialidades y limitantes.
Se realiza un acercamiento al software MACEC, desde su evolución histórica hasta abarcar algunas de sus potencialidades, sobre todo después de implementada la interfaz gráfica de usuario (GUI).
En última instancia, se le realiza un Análisis Modal Operacional a dos casos de estudio los cuales consistieron en una viga de hormigón armado, simplemente apoyada y un puente de ferrocarril de cuatro luces de 20m cada una; en las cuales se utilizaron acelerómetros piezoeléctricos unidirexionales para la obtención de las señales las cuales se procesaron con el software anteriormente mencionado; a la vez que se describe una metodología básica con dicho programa.
Con los resultados obtenidos se llegaron a conclusiones y algunas recomendaciones son realizadas.
In the present research, a synthesis of the theory about the Operational Modal Analysis is made, from the obtaining of the data in the structure, the adjustment of the same with the methods of identification, the elaboration of a mathematical model derived from said Identification until obtaining the modal parameters that characterize this structure. In the same it analyzes more in depth the methods of stochastic identification, especially those that are included in the software for the Modal Analysis: MACEC. Organizing them in parametric and non-parametric methods; Pointing to their potential and limitations. MAC software is approached from its historical evolution to cover some of its potentialities, especially after the implementation of the GUI. Ultimately, an Operational Modal Analysis was done to a couple study cases which consisted of a reinforced concrete beam, simply supported and a railroad bridge of 20m length each; in which unidirectional piezoelectric accelerometers were used to obtain the signals which were processed with the aforementioned software; while describing a basic methodology with this program. With the results obtained conclusions were reached and some recommendations are made.
In the present research, a synthesis of the theory about the Operational Modal Analysis is made, from the obtaining of the data in the structure, the adjustment of the same with the methods of identification, the elaboration of a mathematical model derived from said Identification until obtaining the modal parameters that characterize this structure. In the same it analyzes more in depth the methods of stochastic identification, especially those that are included in the software for the Modal Analysis: MACEC. Organizing them in parametric and non-parametric methods; Pointing to their potential and limitations. MAC software is approached from its historical evolution to cover some of its potentialities, especially after the implementation of the GUI. Ultimately, an Operational Modal Analysis was done to a couple study cases which consisted of a reinforced concrete beam, simply supported and a railroad bridge of 20m length each; in which unidirectional piezoelectric accelerometers were used to obtain the signals which were processed with the aforementioned software; while describing a basic methodology with this program. With the results obtained conclusions were reached and some recommendations are made.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Analisis Modal Operacional, Acelerómetros