Percepción de riesgo y consumo de tabaco y alcohol en estudiantes de primer año de la Carrera de Medicina de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara
Fecha
2018
Autores
Cruz Peña, Alberto
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Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Departamento Psicologìa
Resumen
El presente estudio estuvo dirigido a evaluar la relación entre la percepción de riesgo y el consumo de tabaco y de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios de primer año de Medicina. El paradigma asumido fue cuantitativo, se realizó un estudio descriptivo – correlacional median-te un diseño no experimental de tipo transversal (ex -post - facto). La muestra quedó confor-mada por 110 estudiantes seleccionados mediante un muestreo probabilístico estratificado. Se utilizaron una serie de cuestionarios dirigidos a la evaluación de: 1) Percepción de riesgo del consumo de tabaco, 2) Percepción de riesgo del consumo de alcohol, 3) Evaluación del nivel de dependencia a la nicotina y 4) Trastornos asociados al consumo de alcohol. Los datos ob-tenidos fueron analizados mediante el procesador estadístico SPSS versión 21.0. El análisis de la percepción de riesgo permitió identificar que está presente de forma parcialmente adecuada tanto para estudiantes consumidores de alcohol como de tabaco, apreciándose diferencias en este último caso, entre los estudiantes consumidores y los no consumidores. Las dimensión informativo- valorativa presentó niveles adecuados respecto a ambas sustancias; sin embargo, las dimensiones afectiva- motivacional e intencional- conductual, se ubicaron en niveles entre parcialmente adecuados e inadecuados en el caso del consumo de tabaco y niveles predomi-nantemente adecuados respecto al consumo de alcohol. Existió una correlación entre el con-sumo de tabaco y de alcohol lo que refleja una tendencia al policonsumo. Finalmente se cons-tató una correlación inversa entre la percepción de riesgo y el consumo de tabaco, mientras que esta correlación se dio solo con las dimensiones afectivo- motivacional e intencional- conductual en el caso del consumo de alcohol.
The study was aimed at evaluating the relationship between risk perception, smoking and al-cohol consumption in first year university students of Medicine. The assumed paradigm was quantitative, a descriptive - correlational study was carried out by means of a non - experi-mental transversal design (ex - post - facto). The sample was made up of 110 students select-ed by means of a stratified probabilistic sampling. A series of questionnaires were used to evaluate: 1) Perception of risk of tobacco consumption, 2) Perception of risk of alcohol con-sumption, 3) Evaluation of the level of nicotine dependence and 4) Disorders associated with the consumption of alcohol. The data obtained were analyzed using the statistical processor SPSS version 21.0. The analysis of risk perception made it possible to identify that it is pre-sent in a partially adequate manner for students who consume alcohol and tobacco, with dif-ferences being observed in the latter case between consumer and non-consumer students. The informative-valorative dimension presented adequate levels for both substances; however, the affective-motivational and intentional-behavioral dimensions were located at levels between partially adequate and inadequate in the case of tobacco consumption and levels that are pre-dominantly adequated with respect to alcohol consumption. There was a correlation between the consumption of tobacco and alcohol, which reflects a tendency towards polydrug use. Fi-nally, an inverse correlation was found between risk perception and tobacco consumption, whereas this correlation was only found with the affective-motivational and intentional-behavioral dimensions in the case of alcohol consumption.
The study was aimed at evaluating the relationship between risk perception, smoking and al-cohol consumption in first year university students of Medicine. The assumed paradigm was quantitative, a descriptive - correlational study was carried out by means of a non - experi-mental transversal design (ex - post - facto). The sample was made up of 110 students select-ed by means of a stratified probabilistic sampling. A series of questionnaires were used to evaluate: 1) Perception of risk of tobacco consumption, 2) Perception of risk of alcohol con-sumption, 3) Evaluation of the level of nicotine dependence and 4) Disorders associated with the consumption of alcohol. The data obtained were analyzed using the statistical processor SPSS version 21.0. The analysis of risk perception made it possible to identify that it is pre-sent in a partially adequate manner for students who consume alcohol and tobacco, with dif-ferences being observed in the latter case between consumer and non-consumer students. The informative-valorative dimension presented adequate levels for both substances; however, the affective-motivational and intentional-behavioral dimensions were located at levels between partially adequate and inadequate in the case of tobacco consumption and levels that are pre-dominantly adequated with respect to alcohol consumption. There was a correlation between the consumption of tobacco and alcohol, which reflects a tendency towards polydrug use. Fi-nally, an inverse correlation was found between risk perception and tobacco consumption, whereas this correlation was only found with the affective-motivational and intentional-behavioral dimensions in the case of alcohol consumption.
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Palabras clave
Percepciòn de Riesgo, Consumo de Tabaco, Consumo de Alcohol