Efecto del cloruro de sodio en la multiplicación in vitro de Saccharum officinarum L. en biorreactores de inmersión temporal
Fecha
2018-06
Autores
Crespo González, Michael
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias.Departamento de Biología
Resumen
La caña de azúcar es la principal fuente de azúcar a nivel mundial y la productividad de sus cosechas
es perjudicada por la salinidad, factor de estrés que se agrava a medida que el cambio climático genera
mayor aridez y deterioro de la calidad de agua de riego. Cuba presenta un millón de hectáreas afectadas,
destacando las provincias de Granma, Pinar del Río y Matanzas. En la búsqueda de alternativas para
mejorar la productividad agrícola de áreas salinizadas se han propuesto varias técnicas la mayoría
difíciles de implementar en zonas áridas y semiáridas por lo que es necesario la caracterización e
identificación de materiales vegetales que se adapten a tales condiciones. El cultivo en biorreactores de
inmersión temporal presenta ventajas en comparación a otras técnicas de micropropagación. El presente
experimento se desarrolló con el objetivo de determinar algunos de los efectos del NaCl (0-200mM) en
la micropropagación de caña de azúcar en BIT. A los 30 días de iniciado los cultivos se determinaron el
coeficiente de multiplicación, la masa fresca de los cluster y niveles de aldehídos, clorofilas, carotenoides
y fenoles. El contenido de fenoles solubles en el medio de cultivo también se evaluó. La adición de NaCl
disminuyó el coeficiente de multiplicación y la masa fresca. A nivel bioquímico, fueron registradas
diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos con NaCl, pero los efectos más notables se observaron
en el aumento del contenido de carotenoides en las plantas y en los fenoles solubles excretados al medio
de cultivo.
Sugarcane is the main source of sugar worldwide and the productivity of its crops is affected by salinity, a stress factor that worsens as climate change generates greater aridity and deterioration of the quality of irrigation water. Cuba presents one million affected hectares, highlighting the provinces of Granma, Pinar del Río and Matanzas. In the search for alternatives to improve the agricultural productivity of salinated areas, several techniques have been proposed, most of which are difficult to implement in arid and semi-arid zones, so it is necessary to characterize and identify plant materials that adapt to these conditions. Culture in temporary immersion bioreactors has advantages compared to other micro-propagation techniques. In this context, the present experiment was developed with the aim of determining some of the effects of NaCl (0-200mM) in the micro-propagation of sugarcane in BIT. Thirty days after starting the cultures, the multiplication rate, fresh mass of the clusters and levels of aldehydes, chlorophylls, carotenoids and phenols were determined in the plant material. The content of soluble phenols in the culture medium was also evaluated. The addition of NaCl decreased the multiplication rate and the fresh mass. At the biochemical level, significant differences were registered between the NaCl treatments, but the most notable effects were observed in the increase of the carotenoid content in the plants and in the soluble phenols excreted to the culture medium.
Sugarcane is the main source of sugar worldwide and the productivity of its crops is affected by salinity, a stress factor that worsens as climate change generates greater aridity and deterioration of the quality of irrigation water. Cuba presents one million affected hectares, highlighting the provinces of Granma, Pinar del Río and Matanzas. In the search for alternatives to improve the agricultural productivity of salinated areas, several techniques have been proposed, most of which are difficult to implement in arid and semi-arid zones, so it is necessary to characterize and identify plant materials that adapt to these conditions. Culture in temporary immersion bioreactors has advantages compared to other micro-propagation techniques. In this context, the present experiment was developed with the aim of determining some of the effects of NaCl (0-200mM) in the micro-propagation of sugarcane in BIT. Thirty days after starting the cultures, the multiplication rate, fresh mass of the clusters and levels of aldehydes, chlorophylls, carotenoids and phenols were determined in the plant material. The content of soluble phenols in the culture medium was also evaluated. The addition of NaCl decreased the multiplication rate and the fresh mass. At the biochemical level, significant differences were registered between the NaCl treatments, but the most notable effects were observed in the increase of the carotenoid content in the plants and in the soluble phenols excreted to the culture medium.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Caña de Azúcar, Salinidad, Micropropagación, Saccharum Officinarum, Plant Metabolites