Estudio y diseño de una Planta Demostrativa para la producción de Biodiesel a partir de un residuo de la Industria Azucarera
Archivos
Fecha
2007-06-25
Autores
Feyt Leiva, Reinier
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
El trabajo esta encaminado a diseñar una Planta Demostrativa de obtención de
biodiesel a partir del aceite presente en un residuo de la industria azucarera
como la cachaza, basados en los resultados encontrados a nivel de laboratorio
para realizar el diseño. Se realizó una extensa búsqueda bibliográfica con vistas
a seleccionar la variante de producción más factible, así como las materias
primas para llevar a cabo el proceso, donde el aceite de cachaza, el alcohol
etílico y el catalizador etóxido de sodio fueron las variantes más atractivas. Se
validaron los parámetros de operación en la etapa de extracción del aceite,
determinados en trabajos anteriores, y se evaluó la posibilidad de realizar esta
extracción con solvente en dos etapas con corrientes cruzadas, resultando de
esta un aumento de la producción de aceite y de los rendimientos por litro de
solvente usado. Se determinó la metodología para llevar a cabo la reacción de
Transesterificación usando etanol con una pureza de 96ºGL y con relaciones de
alimentación al reactor de 3.5 y 15 mol de etanol/mol de aceite, resultando de
esta última la formación de jabones durante la reacción. Además de realizaron
los balances de masa y energía del proceso tecnológico, así como el diseño el
equipamiento completo de la planta, utilizando el método de escaldo para el
diseño de los tanques de extracción del aceite. El análisis/ de factibilidad del
proceso demostró que es posible disminuir el precio de los coproductos
(alcoholes grasos), con valores adecuados del tiempo de recuperación de la
inversión.
This paper is going to design a demonstrative plant of biodiesel producing from sloth’s oil, based on the results found in the laboratory level in order to do the plant’s design. It was made an extensive bibliographic search to select the most feasible variants production, like the raw materials to carry out the process, where the sloth’s oil, the ethylic alcohol and the sodium ethoxide catalyst were the most attractive variants, it was validated the operation’s parameters in the oil extraction stage; determined in previous papers, it was evaluated the possibility to do this extraction whit solvent in two stages with cross current resulting of this an increase in the oil production and to the output per liters of the solvent. It was determined the methodology to carry out transesterification reaction using ethanol with purity of 96ºGL, and whit ratio of 3.5 and 15 mol of ethanol/mol of oil to the reactor; resulting ratio of 15 the soap formation during the reaction. It also made mass and energy balance of the technologic process, such as the design of completely equipment of the plant, using the scale up method to the design of the extraction equipment. The analysis of the process feasibility demonstrated, that it is possible to decrease the price of co-products (AAPM), with appropriate values time of the inversion recovery.
This paper is going to design a demonstrative plant of biodiesel producing from sloth’s oil, based on the results found in the laboratory level in order to do the plant’s design. It was made an extensive bibliographic search to select the most feasible variants production, like the raw materials to carry out the process, where the sloth’s oil, the ethylic alcohol and the sodium ethoxide catalyst were the most attractive variants, it was validated the operation’s parameters in the oil extraction stage; determined in previous papers, it was evaluated the possibility to do this extraction whit solvent in two stages with cross current resulting of this an increase in the oil production and to the output per liters of the solvent. It was determined the methodology to carry out transesterification reaction using ethanol with purity of 96ºGL, and whit ratio of 3.5 and 15 mol of ethanol/mol of oil to the reactor; resulting ratio of 15 the soap formation during the reaction. It also made mass and energy balance of the technologic process, such as the design of completely equipment of the plant, using the scale up method to the design of the extraction equipment. The analysis of the process feasibility demonstrated, that it is possible to decrease the price of co-products (AAPM), with appropriate values time of the inversion recovery.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Industria Azucarera, Obtención de Biodiesel, Diseño, Planta Demostrativa, Combustibles Fósiles, Biodiesel, Ethanol, Fossil Fuels, Escalado