Diseño tecnológico de una planta para el tratamiento de residuales contaminados con NCAT
Fecha
2008-06-25
Autores
Santana Delgado, Javier
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas
Resumen
En este trabajo se exponen los resultados
de estudios dirigidos al diseño
tecnológico de un sistema para el tratamiento de aguas residuales industriales provenientes de una planta
de recuperación de TNT a par
tir de medios militares
y fabricación de medios
ingenieros en la U/B LACM
AI, las cuales salen del
proceso productivo contaminadas con nitro compuestos aromáticos base tolueno (NCA), residuos tóxicos y peligrosos, que deben de ser trat
ados de una forma eficiente y segura para evitar posibles daños a las personas y medio ambiente
en general.
Las investigaciones realizadas abarcar
on inicialmente una amplia búsqueda de información empleando las NTIC, y el arribo a conclusiones sobre la alternativa tecnológica de tratamiento más ventajosa para estos residuales, en la situación actual de dicha entidad,
que resultó ser el método de cloración alcalina con hipoclorito de sodio, de probada eficiencia y efectividad a escala de laboratorio.
Tomando como base la caracterización
química de las aguas residuales, cuya
toxicidad obedece exclusivamente a la
presencia de NCA, se propone un
esquema de tratamiento básico int
egrado por seis etapas: cribado,
sedimentación, reacción química, filtra
ción, estabilización y un tratamiento
emergente final aprovechando
un humedal natural. A par
tir de los balances de
materiales específicos para cada operación se
procede a la selección, cálculo y
diseño del equipamiento tecnológi
co fundamental del proceso.
Finalmente se hace una valoración té
cnico-económica del sistema de
tratamiento, a partir de un estimado de lo
s costos de invers
ión del proceso, y
teniendo en cuenta que los ingresos prin
cipales que se obtendrán con la
implementación de esta tecnología esta
rán dados por la reducción de los daños
evitados a personas y la protección del medio ambiente.
Abstract. In this work the results of studies are exposed directed to the technological design of a system for the tr eatment of industrial residual waters coming from a plant of recovery of TNT starting from military means and production of means engineers in the U/B LACMA I, which go out of the pollu ted productive process with aromatic composed saltpeter base toluene (NCA), toxic and dangerous residuals that should be been in an efficient and sure way to avoid possible damages to people and environment in general. The carried out investigations embraced a wide search of information initially using the NTIC, and the arrival to c onclusions on the most advantageous technological alternative of treatment fo r these residual ones, in the current situation of this entity that turned out to be the met hod of alkaline coloration with hypochlorite of sodium, of having pr oven efficiency and effectiveness to laboratory scale. Taking like base the chemical characte rization of the residual waters whose toxicity obeys the presence of NCA exclusively, intends an outline of basic treatment integrated by six stages: sieved, sedimentation, chemical reaction, filtration, stabilization and a treatm ent emergent end taki ng advantage of a natural humeral. Starting from the balances of specific materials for each operation you proceed to the selection, calculation a nd design of the fundamental technological equipment of the process. Finally a technician-economic valuation of the treatment system is made, starting from a dear of the costs of investment of the process, and keeping in mind that the main revenues that will be obtai ned with the implementation of this technology will be given by the reduction of the damages avoi ded to people and the protection of the environment.
Abstract. In this work the results of studies are exposed directed to the technological design of a system for the tr eatment of industrial residual waters coming from a plant of recovery of TNT starting from military means and production of means engineers in the U/B LACMA I, which go out of the pollu ted productive process with aromatic composed saltpeter base toluene (NCA), toxic and dangerous residuals that should be been in an efficient and sure way to avoid possible damages to people and environment in general. The carried out investigations embraced a wide search of information initially using the NTIC, and the arrival to c onclusions on the most advantageous technological alternative of treatment fo r these residual ones, in the current situation of this entity that turned out to be the met hod of alkaline coloration with hypochlorite of sodium, of having pr oven efficiency and effectiveness to laboratory scale. Taking like base the chemical characte rization of the residual waters whose toxicity obeys the presence of NCA exclusively, intends an outline of basic treatment integrated by six stages: sieved, sedimentation, chemical reaction, filtration, stabilization and a treatm ent emergent end taki ng advantage of a natural humeral. Starting from the balances of specific materials for each operation you proceed to the selection, calculation a nd design of the fundamental technological equipment of the process. Finally a technician-economic valuation of the treatment system is made, starting from a dear of the costs of investment of the process, and keeping in mind that the main revenues that will be obtai ned with the implementation of this technology will be given by the reduction of the damages avoi ded to people and the protection of the environment.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Aguas Residuales, Medio Ambiente, Diseño Tecnológico, Waste Water, Planta de Recuperación, Trinitrotolue, Unión de Industrias Militares, TNT