Alternativas de obtención de etanol a partir de paja de caña
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Fecha
2014-06-25
Autores
Barrio Hernández, Edenny
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Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas
Resumen
En esta investigación se realiza un estudio de la obtención de etanol a partir de paja de caña.
Esta materia prima es abundante en Cuba y carece de un uso extensivo. Para la obtención de etanol se somete primeramente a una reducción del tamaño de partícula hasta aproximadamente 1 cm. Luego se le realiza un pretratamiento por hidrólisis ácida diluida (HAD) bajo las siguientes condiciones: Temperatura 121°C, 45 minutos, 3% de H2SO4 (m/m) sobre fibra seca y relación sólido/líquido 1g/10mL con el objetivo de separar la hemicelulosa y desordenar la estructura polimérica. Después del pretratamiento se le realiza la hidrólisis enzimática usando la enzima CellicCtec2, bajo determinadas condiciones para lo cual se aplica un diseño factorial completo del tipo 22. La variable que resultó significativa para el rendimiento de ART después de la hidrólisis enzimática (g ART/100 g MPi) fue la carga de sólidos que en el rango estudiado el uso del menor nivel favorece el rendimiento de los ART, en este caso fue el 8% de sólidos pretratados. Tomando como base esta carga de sólidos pretratados, se evalúan tres alternativas de hidrólisis enzimática y fermentación: HFS, SSF y Presacarificación y posterior SSF. Para cada variante se utilizan diseños experimentales y se analizan estadísticamente las variables significativas, resultando significativa para la SSF y la presacarificación y posterior SSF la carga enzimática para los parámetros respuestas concentración y rendimiento de etanol (g etanol/100 g MPi). De las configuraciones estudiadas la presacarificación y posterior SSF resulta la estrategia de mayores valores de concentración de etanol (14,47 g/l). En base a los rendimientos de etanol alcanzados en las estrategias fermentativas se realiza un análisis técnico-económico preliminar de ellas, considerando solamente el costo de inversión y el costo total de producción, en los cuales se demuestra que la alternativa SSF presenta los menores costos de inversión y la presacarificación y posterior SSF el menor costo total de producción con respecto a las demás alternativas.
In this research, a study of the production of ethanol made from cane straw. This feedstock is abundant in Cuba and lacks extensive use. For ethanol production is first subjected to a reduction of particle size to about 1 cm. Then it takes a dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment (HAD) under the following conditions: temperature 121 ° C, 45 minutes, 3% H2SO4 (m / m) on dry fiber and solid / liquid ratio 1g/10mL order to separate the hemicellulose and mess up the polymer structure. After she underwent pretreatment enzymatic hydrolysis using the enzyme CellicCtec2 under certain conditions for which a full factorial design type 22 applies. The significant variable for the performance of ART after enzymatic hydrolysis (g ART/100 g MPi) was solids loading in the range studied to use a lower level of performance advantages ART, in this case was the 8% solids pretreated. HFS, SSF and pre-saccharification and subsequent SSF: Based on this pretreated solids loading, three alternatives of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation are evaluated. For each experimental variant designs are used and are analyzed statistically significant variables, being significant for the SSF and SSF posterior presaccharification and enzymatic responses burden and performance parameters of ethanol concentration (g ethanol/100 g MPi). Configurations studied the pre-saccharification and subsequent SSF is the strategy of increasing ethanol concentration values (14.47 g / l). Based on the yields of ethanol fermentation strategies achieved in a preliminary technical and economic analysis of them is performed, considering only the cost of investment and total cost of production, which shows that the SSF alternative has the lowest cost of investment and subsequent pre-saccharification and SSF the lowest total cost of production compared to the other alternatives.
In this research, a study of the production of ethanol made from cane straw. This feedstock is abundant in Cuba and lacks extensive use. For ethanol production is first subjected to a reduction of particle size to about 1 cm. Then it takes a dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment (HAD) under the following conditions: temperature 121 ° C, 45 minutes, 3% H2SO4 (m / m) on dry fiber and solid / liquid ratio 1g/10mL order to separate the hemicellulose and mess up the polymer structure. After she underwent pretreatment enzymatic hydrolysis using the enzyme CellicCtec2 under certain conditions for which a full factorial design type 22 applies. The significant variable for the performance of ART after enzymatic hydrolysis (g ART/100 g MPi) was solids loading in the range studied to use a lower level of performance advantages ART, in this case was the 8% solids pretreated. HFS, SSF and pre-saccharification and subsequent SSF: Based on this pretreated solids loading, three alternatives of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation are evaluated. For each experimental variant designs are used and are analyzed statistically significant variables, being significant for the SSF and SSF posterior presaccharification and enzymatic responses burden and performance parameters of ethanol concentration (g ethanol/100 g MPi). Configurations studied the pre-saccharification and subsequent SSF is the strategy of increasing ethanol concentration values (14.47 g / l). Based on the yields of ethanol fermentation strategies achieved in a preliminary technical and economic analysis of them is performed, considering only the cost of investment and total cost of production, which shows that the SSF alternative has the lowest cost of investment and subsequent pre-saccharification and SSF the lowest total cost of production compared to the other alternatives.
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Qbtención de Etanol, Ethanol, Alcohol, Etanol