Análisis del Ciclo de Vida y Exergético de la Obtención de Etanol a Partir del Bagazo de la Caña
Fecha
2014-06-25
Autores
Beltrán Díaz, Leyanet
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas
Resumen
En el presente trabajo se aplicó el Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) uno de los métodos más novedosos para evaluar cuantitativamente los impactos ambientales generados por productos y procesos a una de las alternativas de obtención de etanol a partir del bagazo de la caña para cuantificar el impacto ambiental de las etapas agrícola e industrial mediante la metodología Recipe y el Software SimaPro 7,3. Para ello se realizó la modelación del inventario del ciclo de vida del proceso que utiliza el método organosolv como pre tratamiento, lo cual permitió evaluar los impactos ambientales asociados al proceso en diferentes escenarios de operación y se detectaron las variables operacionales que mayor incidencia tienen sobre cada una de las categorías de impacto que se analizan. Mediante el diagrama del proceso se identificaron todas las corrientes de entrada y salida correspondientes a cada una de las etapas constituyentes del mismo; las cuales se cuantificaron mediante índices reportados en la literatura y/o balances de materiales y energía de este análisis se determinó que el mayor impacto está asociado al agotamiento de los combustibles fósiles. Además se calcularon las exergías físicas y químicas de cada una de las corrientes que intervienen en el proceso haciendo énfasis principalmente en el estudio de la variante donde se trabaja con sacarificación y fermentación simultánea, ya que es esta en la que se obtuvo mejores resultados debido a que la misma presenta ahorro de materias primas, equipos, energía, donde se observa pérdidas exergéticas de 690776,18 kW para una eficiencia en general de 64,89 %.
In this paper the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) was applied to one of the most innovative methods to quantitatively assess the environmental impacts caused by products and processes of the alternatives for obtaining ethanol from sugarcane bagasse to quantify the environmental impact of the agricultural and industrial stages Recipe by SimaPro 7.3 software and methodology. This modeling inventory lifecycle process using the method as organosolv pretreatment was performed, which allowed us to evaluate the environmental impacts associated with the process in different operating scenarios and operational variables with the greatest impact were detected on each one of the categories discussed impact. Through the process diagram all input and output streams were identified corresponding to each of the constituent stages thereof; which were quantified by indices reported in the literature and / or material and energy balances of this analysis it was determined that the greatest impact is associated with the depletion of fossil fuels. Besides the physical and chemical properties of each of the streams involved in the process with an emphasis on the study of the variant where it works with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation exergies were calculated, as it is this in the best results are obtained because that it presents savings in raw materials, equipment, energy, exergy losses where 690776,8 kW for an efficiency of 64,89 % generally observed.
In this paper the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) was applied to one of the most innovative methods to quantitatively assess the environmental impacts caused by products and processes of the alternatives for obtaining ethanol from sugarcane bagasse to quantify the environmental impact of the agricultural and industrial stages Recipe by SimaPro 7.3 software and methodology. This modeling inventory lifecycle process using the method as organosolv pretreatment was performed, which allowed us to evaluate the environmental impacts associated with the process in different operating scenarios and operational variables with the greatest impact were detected on each one of the categories discussed impact. Through the process diagram all input and output streams were identified corresponding to each of the constituent stages thereof; which were quantified by indices reported in the literature and / or material and energy balances of this analysis it was determined that the greatest impact is associated with the depletion of fossil fuels. Besides the physical and chemical properties of each of the streams involved in the process with an emphasis on the study of the variant where it works with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation exergies were calculated, as it is this in the best results are obtained because that it presents savings in raw materials, equipment, energy, exergy losses where 690776,8 kW for an efficiency of 64,89 % generally observed.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Ciclo de Vida, Etanol, Impacto Ambiental, Environmental Impact, Ethanol, Life Cycle