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Fecha
2013-06-29
Autores
Gómez García, Leticia
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
Aloe vera L. contiene metabolitos secundarios de acción cicatrizante, antinflamatoria y protectora de la piel; además presenta propiedades bactericidas, laxantes y agentes desintoxicantes. La alta demanda de esta especie en las industrias farmacéutica y de cosméticos ha provocado que el cultivo tradicional sea insuficiente para satisfacer el mercado actual. En Cuba, es utilizada como constituyente de numerosos productos farmacéuticos y cosméticos. Actualmente, una gran parte de la materia prima de Aloe es importada debido a la inexistencia de poblaciones suficientemente grandes para suplir toda la demanda. La propagación in vitro es una de las alternativas para incrementar la disponibilidad de biomasa de esta especie. La presente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de desarrollar un protocolo de propagación in vitro de A. vera. En la fase de establecimiento se realizó un experimento que combinó la época de toma del material vegetal (seca y lluvia) con diferentes concentraciones de hipoclorito de sodio en la desinfección de los explantes (1,0; 2,0 y 3,0 %). Para la multiplicación de los brotes establecidos se estudió el manejo de los explantes realizándose un corte transversal y un corte transversal-longitudinal a los mismos. Luego se estudiaron dos concentraciones de 6-BAP (2,0 y 8,0 mg.L-1) combinadas con AIB (0,5 mg.L-1) en los medios de cultivos con el objetivo de incrementar el coeficiente de multiplicación. Asimismo se evaluaron sustratos en la fase de aclimatización de las plantas utilizando en diferentes proporciones el Compost de cachaza y la zeolita (100/0 %, 75-25 %, 50/50 %, 25-75 %, 0/100 % respectivamente). Los resultados mostraron que se logró el establecimiento in vitro de ápices con un 93 % de explantes libres de contaminantes microbianos tomando el material vegetal en la época de seca y desinfectándolo con NaClO al 2,0 % durante 15 min. En la fase de multiplicación se obtuvieron los mejores resultados en los medios de cultivo que contenían la combinación de 2,0 mg.L-1 de 6-BAP y 0,5 mg.L-1 de AIB, realizando un corte transversal a los brotes. En estas condiciones se obtuvieron coeficientes de multiplicación de 5,1. En la fase de aclimatización se lograron porcentajes de supervivencia del 100 % y los mejores resultados en cuanto al crecimiento de las plantas se obtuvieron con el sustrato que contenía el 100 % de Compost de cachaza. Los resultados permiten disponer de un protocolo de propagación in vitro con el cual es posible obtener en un año 12 612 plantas a partir de un hijo de planta adulta. Este protocolo además tiene la ventaja que las plantas obtenidas son uniformes, sanas y presentan rejuvenecimiento fisiológico lo que influirá satisfactoriamente en el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas en el campo. En nuestro país la presente investigación constituye el primer reporte del desarrollo de un protocolo de propagación in vitro en esta especie.
Aloe vera L. contains secondary metabolites of healing action, anti-inflammatory and protective of the skin, it also provides antibacterial properties, laxative and detoxifying agents. The high demand of this species in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries has caused that the traditional crop is insufficient to satisfy the current market. In Cuba, this plant is used as a constituent of many pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Currently, a large part of Aloe raw material is imported due to the lack of sufficiently large populations to meet all the demand. In vitro propagation is one of the alternatives to increase the availability of biomass of this species. This research was carried out in order to develop a protocol for in vitro propagation of A. vera. In the establishment phase, an experiment that combined the time of gathering plant material (dry and rain) with different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite in the disinfection of explants (1.0-2.0 and 3.0 %) was conducted. For the shoots multiplication explants management was studied. A transversal cut and a transversal-longitudinal cut was carried out. Two concentrations of 6-BAP (2.0 and 8.0 mg.L-1) combined with AIB (0.5 mg.L-1) in the culture media were studied to increase the multiplication coefficient. Besides substrates in the acclimatization phase of plants were evaluated using different proportions of the cachaza Compost and zeolite (100 / 0 %, 75 – 25 %, 50 / 50 %, 25-75 %, 0 /100 % respectively). The results showed that in vitro establishment of apices with 93 % of microbial pollutant-free explants was achieved taking plant material in the dry season and disinfecting with sodium hypochlorite to 2.0 % for 15 min. In the multiplication phase were obtained best results in culture medium containing the combination of 2.0 mg L-1 of 6-BAP and 0.5 mg L-1 of AIB, making a transversal cut to shoot. Multiplication coefficients of 5.1 were obtained under these conditions. Survival rates of 100 % were achieved in the acclimatization phase and the best results of plants growth were obtained with the substrate containing 100 % of Compost of cachaza. The results provide an in vitro propagation protocol which allows obtaining in a year 12 612 plants from a shoot of adult plant. This Protocol also has the advantage that the plants obtained are uniform, healthy and physiological rejuvenation which will successfully influence the growth and development of plants in the field. In our country this research is the first report of the development of a in vitro protocol for propagation in this species.
Aloe vera L. contains secondary metabolites of healing action, anti-inflammatory and protective of the skin, it also provides antibacterial properties, laxative and detoxifying agents. The high demand of this species in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries has caused that the traditional crop is insufficient to satisfy the current market. In Cuba, this plant is used as a constituent of many pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Currently, a large part of Aloe raw material is imported due to the lack of sufficiently large populations to meet all the demand. In vitro propagation is one of the alternatives to increase the availability of biomass of this species. This research was carried out in order to develop a protocol for in vitro propagation of A. vera. In the establishment phase, an experiment that combined the time of gathering plant material (dry and rain) with different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite in the disinfection of explants (1.0-2.0 and 3.0 %) was conducted. For the shoots multiplication explants management was studied. A transversal cut and a transversal-longitudinal cut was carried out. Two concentrations of 6-BAP (2.0 and 8.0 mg.L-1) combined with AIB (0.5 mg.L-1) in the culture media were studied to increase the multiplication coefficient. Besides substrates in the acclimatization phase of plants were evaluated using different proportions of the cachaza Compost and zeolite (100 / 0 %, 75 – 25 %, 50 / 50 %, 25-75 %, 0 /100 % respectively). The results showed that in vitro establishment of apices with 93 % of microbial pollutant-free explants was achieved taking plant material in the dry season and disinfecting with sodium hypochlorite to 2.0 % for 15 min. In the multiplication phase were obtained best results in culture medium containing the combination of 2.0 mg L-1 of 6-BAP and 0.5 mg L-1 of AIB, making a transversal cut to shoot. Multiplication coefficients of 5.1 were obtained under these conditions. Survival rates of 100 % were achieved in the acclimatization phase and the best results of plants growth were obtained with the substrate containing 100 % of Compost of cachaza. The results provide an in vitro propagation protocol which allows obtaining in a year 12 612 plants from a shoot of adult plant. This Protocol also has the advantage that the plants obtained are uniform, healthy and physiological rejuvenation which will successfully influence the growth and development of plants in the field. In our country this research is the first report of the development of a in vitro protocol for propagation in this species.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Aloe, Cultivo de Celulas, Propagación in vitro