Análisis del Consumo de Portadores Energéticos en el Hospital Docente Gineco-Obstétrico “Mariana Grajales”
Fecha
2008-06-20
Autores
Mederos Castellón, Reiniel Leonardo
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
El uso rentable de la energía conjuga armónicamente el medio ambiente con el
desarrollo. El ahorro alarga la existencia de los recursos y proporciona el tiempo necesario para explotar fuentes alternativas.
Este trabajo de diploma, correspondiente al 5to año de la carrera se realizó en el
Hospital Docente Gineco-Obstétrico “Mariana Grajales”, Santa Clara, Villa Clara, para
caracterizar la situación energética del mismo y con ello conducirla por el camino del uso eficiente de los recursos energéticos. Para lograr esto se realizó un diagnóstico
actualizado de los consumos de los portadores energéticos determinándose los de mayor consumo y por tanto mayor incidencia en la eficiencia energética, ellos son la energía eléctrica y el diesel que representan actualmente el 55 y 43 % respectivamente. Al consumo de estos portadores se le aplicaron gráficos de control verificándose en ellos un comportamiento dentro de los límites que se aceptan como normales. Por otra parte se analizaron las áreas consumidoras de estos portadores concluyendo que en el caso del diesel la mayor demanda correspondió al generador de vapor con un 90% y en el caso de la energía eléctrica a la climatización con un 41% siguiéndole los servicios con un 35%, se incluyeron dentro de los servicios la energía eléctrica consumida en generación de vapor, bombeo de agua, lavandería, laboratorio de bacteriología, central de equipos, banco de leche, neonatología, Rayos x y ultrasonidos.
Debido a la importancia y posibilidades de ahorro se realizó un estudio al generador de
vapor y se determinaron las pérdidas por orificios y aislamiento térmico, las cuales según se estimo alcanzan a representar más del 20% del combustible consumido en esta área. En el trabajo se plantearon medidas de ahorro para disminuir el consumo de los portadores energéticos que a la vez que se reduce la emisión de gases contaminantes atmosféricos producto de la combustión.
Para realizar el trabajo se utilizaron diferentes herramientas de gestión energética
programadas en EXCEL y el software (ISCT3) para determinar la dispersión de los
contaminantes emitidos por el generador de vapor.
The profitable energy use connects harmoniously the environment and development. Savings extends the existence of resources and provide the time needed to use alternative sources. This diploma work, for the Mechanical engineer degree was developed at the Gynecologic-Obstetric Docent Hospital "Mariana Grajales", Santa Clara, Villa Clara, to characterize the energy situation of this institution and to lead it to the best way to use the energy resources. To accomplish this was carry out a diagnosis of current consumption of energy carriers, the higher consumption and therefore greater impact on energy efficiency was determined, they were electricity and diesel which representing 55 and 43% respectively. To the consumption of those carriers were applied a control charts and were found values in the rage of normally accepted ones. Furthermore, were analyzed the consumer areas of such energy carriers, concluding that for diesel the higher demand correspond to the steam generator with a 90% and in the case of electric power to the air conditioning with 41% followed by services with 35%, as service were included in the electricity consumed in steam generation, water pumping, laundry, bacteriology laboratory, milk bank, neonatology, x-ray, ultrasound. Because of the importance and the savings potential of the steam generation area an specific study was carry out on this area. The losses by holes and thermal insulation were determined, was estimated it reach to over 20% of fuel consumed in this area. This work proposes measures to reduce the energy carrier consumption as well as reduce the emission of air polluting gases from combustion reaction. To develop this work were used different tools in energy management programmed in EXCEL and also the software (ISCT3) to determine the dispersion of the pollutants emitted by the steam generator.
The profitable energy use connects harmoniously the environment and development. Savings extends the existence of resources and provide the time needed to use alternative sources. This diploma work, for the Mechanical engineer degree was developed at the Gynecologic-Obstetric Docent Hospital "Mariana Grajales", Santa Clara, Villa Clara, to characterize the energy situation of this institution and to lead it to the best way to use the energy resources. To accomplish this was carry out a diagnosis of current consumption of energy carriers, the higher consumption and therefore greater impact on energy efficiency was determined, they were electricity and diesel which representing 55 and 43% respectively. To the consumption of those carriers were applied a control charts and were found values in the rage of normally accepted ones. Furthermore, were analyzed the consumer areas of such energy carriers, concluding that for diesel the higher demand correspond to the steam generator with a 90% and in the case of electric power to the air conditioning with 41% followed by services with 35%, as service were included in the electricity consumed in steam generation, water pumping, laundry, bacteriology laboratory, milk bank, neonatology, x-ray, ultrasound. Because of the importance and the savings potential of the steam generation area an specific study was carry out on this area. The losses by holes and thermal insulation were determined, was estimated it reach to over 20% of fuel consumed in this area. This work proposes measures to reduce the energy carrier consumption as well as reduce the emission of air polluting gases from combustion reaction. To develop this work were used different tools in energy management programmed in EXCEL and also the software (ISCT3) to determine the dispersion of the pollutants emitted by the steam generator.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Eficiencia Energética, Medio Ambiente, Recursos Energéticos, Energía-Ahorro, Generadores de Vapor