Cuadro interno de la enfermedad en pacientes con insuficiencia renal, en tratamiento sustitutivo.
Fecha
2010-10-14
Autores
Valdés De la Osa, Ariel Leonel
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas
Resumen
La presente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de caracterizar el cuadro
interno de la enfermedad en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC), en
tratamiento renal sustitutivo, atendidos en el servicio de nefrología del Hospital
Universitario “Arnaldo Milián Castro” de la provincia de Villa Clara. Se trabajó
con una muestra de 20 pacientes; 10 pacientes que reciben tratamiento
hemodialítico y 10 pacientes trasplantados.
Para cumplimentar los objetivos propuestos se emplearon las siguientes
técnicas: entrevista psicológica al paciente, análisis psicológico de la historia
clínica, entrevista familiar, inventario de ansiedad rasgo estado (IDARE), test
de depresión Zung y Conde, ROTTER, autorreporte vivencial, RAMDI y una
modificación de la escala Dembo- Rubinstein.
Se partió tanto para el diseño metodológico como para el análisis de los
resultados del paradigma mixto de la investigación, detectándose diferencias
en relación al cuadro interno de la enfermedad de ambos grupos en varios aspectos. Se constató que la vivencia del proceso morboso es muy
angustiante en el grupo de los hemodializados; con ansiedad, depresión,
inquietud, miedo e inseguridad; como los estados más intensamente
experimentados. Encontrándose una expectativa incierta del futuro y un grado
importante de afectación psicológica, sobre todo en el área afectiva.
El grupo de trasplantados se manifestó diferente, en el cuadro interno de la
enfermedad existe una valoración más optimista de su estado actual y
proyecciones futuras en concordancia con él. Sin embargo, llama la atención
que las afectaciones más importantes se encontraron, al igual que en el otro
grupo, en la esfera afectiva, con similar representación de los estados más
intensamente vivenciados por los enfermos. A modo de recomendación se
sugiere tener en cuenta estos resultados en la elaboración de futuras
estrategias interventivas en ambos grupos.
This research was conducted in order to characterize the internal table of the disease in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) in renal replacement therapy, at the Nephrology Service of Hospital Universitario "Arnaldo Milián Castro" in the province of Villa Clara. We worked with a sample of 20 patients, 10 patients receiving hemodialysis and 10 patients transplanted. To complete the proposed targets were used the following techniques: psychological interview, psychological analysis of the clinical, family interview, state trait anxiety inventory (Idar), and Zung depression test Conde, ROTT, existential self, Ramdien and a modification of the scale Dembo - Rubinstein. The results were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative differences were found in relation to the internal table of the disease in both groups in several respects. There was a morbid process vivenciación very distressing to the group of hemodialysis, with anxiety, depression, anxiety, fear and insecurity as the most intensely experienced. Found an expectation of the future uncertain and a significant degree of psychological impact on the affected area. Expressed differently in the transplant group, where in the internal table of the disease there is a more optimistic assessment of their current status and future projections in line with him. However it is noteworthy that the most significant effects were found, as in the other group in the area affected, with similar representation of the most intensely experienced by patients. As a recommendation it is suggested to take into account these results in developing future strategies for interventions in both groups.
This research was conducted in order to characterize the internal table of the disease in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) in renal replacement therapy, at the Nephrology Service of Hospital Universitario "Arnaldo Milián Castro" in the province of Villa Clara. We worked with a sample of 20 patients, 10 patients receiving hemodialysis and 10 patients transplanted. To complete the proposed targets were used the following techniques: psychological interview, psychological analysis of the clinical, family interview, state trait anxiety inventory (Idar), and Zung depression test Conde, ROTT, existential self, Ramdien and a modification of the scale Dembo - Rubinstein. The results were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative differences were found in relation to the internal table of the disease in both groups in several respects. There was a morbid process vivenciación very distressing to the group of hemodialysis, with anxiety, depression, anxiety, fear and insecurity as the most intensely experienced. Found an expectation of the future uncertain and a significant degree of psychological impact on the affected area. Expressed differently in the transplant group, where in the internal table of the disease there is a more optimistic assessment of their current status and future projections in line with him. However it is noteworthy that the most significant effects were found, as in the other group in the area affected, with similar representation of the most intensely experienced by patients. As a recommendation it is suggested to take into account these results in developing future strategies for interventions in both groups.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Adherencia Terapéutica, Insuficiencia Renal Crónica, Tratamiento Renal, Enfermedades Crónicas