Efectos sobre el suelo de la cosecha en alta humedad de la caña de azúcar
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Fecha
2016-06-06
Autores
Saucedo Levi Saucedo Levi, Eduardo Rafael
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Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola.
Resumen
Con el objetivo de determinar el efecto sobre el suelo del paso del sistema de
máquinas para la cosecha de caña de azúcar, en condiciones de alta humedad se
realizó el siguiente trabajo de diploma. La investigación tuvo lugar en áreas de tres
unidades de producción de caña, de la UEB Héctor Rodríguez, en la costa Norte de
Villa Clara, con la participación de la cosechadoraCASE IH 8 800 y el
autobasculante tirado por los tractores Belarus 1523 y Maxxum CASE 150. Se
determinaron las principales características de lossuelos predominantes y las
malezas encontradas, así como las variaciones del microrrelieve del suelo, la
densidad aparente, los valores de humedad y de resistencia a la penetración en las
zonas evaluadas. Los resultados demostraron afectaciones debido al tráfico de los
equipos durante la cosecha, destacándose el agregado tractor-autobasculante que
afecta considerablemente el microrrelieve por desplazarse sobre el cantero y afectar
las cabeceras de los surcos por el viraje y aparqueamiento inadecuado de los
equipos. Se encontraron valores de densidad aparente característicos de los suelos
arcillosos pesados, y elevados niveles de humedad, alcanzando hasta un 64.0%,
provocando serios problemas de traficabilidad para los agregados tractor-autobasculante y ocasionando reiterados atascaderos. También se determinó un
incremento elevado de la compactación con respecto a la profundidad, posterior a
la cosecha, en el centro del surco y más ligero en el centro del camellón.
Se recomendó adecuar los remolques autobasculantes, evitar el viraje y aparqueamiento de los equipos dentro del campo.
In order to determine the effect on the soil systemstep machines for harvesting sugar cane in high humidity conditions, the following diploma work was performed. The research took place in areas of three units for production of sugar cane, the UEB Hector Rodriguez, on the north coast of Villa Clara, with the participation of the harvester CASE IH 8,800 and cantilever pulled by Belarus 1523 and Maxxum tractors CASE 150. The main characteristics of the predominant soils and weeds found and variations of soil profile were determined, the dry bulk density, moisture values and compaction in the areas evaluated. The results showed significant affectations due to traffic during harvesting equipment, highlighting the tractor-cantilever added that significantly affects the topographic profile scroll over the stonemason and affect the headwaters of the groovesfor the turn and inadequate equipment parking. Characteristic values of apparent density of heavy clay soil and high humidity, reaching up to 64.0%, causing serious problems of trafficability for tractor-cantilever aggregates and causing repeated miry were found. Increases in compaction was also determined with respect to depth, after harvesting, in the center groove and lighter in the center of the ridge. It was recommended to adapt the cantilever trailers, swerve and avoid parking machinery inside the field.
Se recomendó adecuar los remolques autobasculantes, evitar el viraje y aparqueamiento de los equipos dentro del campo.
In order to determine the effect on the soil systemstep machines for harvesting sugar cane in high humidity conditions, the following diploma work was performed. The research took place in areas of three units for production of sugar cane, the UEB Hector Rodriguez, on the north coast of Villa Clara, with the participation of the harvester CASE IH 8,800 and cantilever pulled by Belarus 1523 and Maxxum tractors CASE 150. The main characteristics of the predominant soils and weeds found and variations of soil profile were determined, the dry bulk density, moisture values and compaction in the areas evaluated. The results showed significant affectations due to traffic during harvesting equipment, highlighting the tractor-cantilever added that significantly affects the topographic profile scroll over the stonemason and affect the headwaters of the groovesfor the turn and inadequate equipment parking. Characteristic values of apparent density of heavy clay soil and high humidity, reaching up to 64.0%, causing serious problems of trafficability for tractor-cantilever aggregates and causing repeated miry were found. Increases in compaction was also determined with respect to depth, after harvesting, in the center groove and lighter in the center of the ridge. It was recommended to adapt the cantilever trailers, swerve and avoid parking machinery inside the field.
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CosechadoraCASE IH 8 800, Semirremolque autobasculante, Tractores Belarus 1523, Maxxum CASE 150