Determinación del volumen mínimo de trabajo real para mazarotas abiertas en piezas de acero AISI 1040 tipo ruedas utilizando la simulación como herramienta predictiva
Fecha
2018
Autores
Rodríguez Vega, Jorge Daniel
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Editor
Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica e Industrial. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica
Resumen
La fabricación por fundición es un proceso altamente complejo. A pesar de ello en la actualidad sigue siendo la forma más económica de obtener piezas con geometrías complejas y de aleaciones diversas. La presente investigación estuvo encaminada a determinar el volumen mínimo real de trabajo de una mazarota abierta, para piezas de acero tipo ruedas, utilizando la simulación como herramienta predictiva. En esta se profundizó en los aspectos generales del proceso de obtención de piezas fundidas, defectos que se originan en el mismo y las principales consideraciones sobre las metodologías para la obtención de las dimensiones de las mazarotas como elemento central de la investigación; así como establecer la principal vía para lograr la disminución de defectos, con su racionalización en cuanto a consumo de material extra, logrando el incremento de la eficiencia tecnológica. Teniendo en cuenta metodologías antes consultadas se realizaron simulaciones, las cuales permitieron obtener la zona de trabajo más efectiva para determinadas condiciones de trabajo de las mazarotas. Se establecieron niveles para las variables Temperatura de vertido, Razón de vertido y la variable Coeficiente, que relaciona los aspectos geométricos de la mazarota, obteniendo a su vez, a través de un trabajo experimental la distribución de dichas variables El procesamiento estadístico de los datos obtenidos mostró las relaciones entre los parámetros estudiados y las diferentes ecuaciones de regresión. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron establecer nuevos procedimientos y volúmenes de trabajo de las mazarotas con el fin de disminuir el consumo de material durante el proceso.
The manufacture by casting is a highly complex process. Despite this, it is still the most economical way to obtain pieces with complex geometries and diverse alloys. The present investigation was directed to determine the minimum real volume of work of an open sprue, for wheel-type steel parts, using simulation as a predictive tool. In this, the general aspects of the process of obtaining castings, defects that originate in it and the main considerations on the methodologies for obtaining the dimensions of the sprues as a central element of the investigation were studied; as well as establishing the main way to achieve the reduction of defects, with its rationalization in terms of consumption of extra material, achieving the increase in technological efficiency. Taking into account methodologies previously consulted, simulations were carried out, which allowed obtaining the most effective work zone for certain work conditions of the sprue. Levels were established for the variables Pouring temperature, Discharge reason and the Coefficient variable, which relates the geometrical aspects of the spillway, obtaining in turn, through an experimental work, the distribution of said variables The statistical processing of the data obtained showed the relationships between the parameters studied and the different regression equations. The results obtained allowed to establish new procedures and work volumes of the springs in order to reduce the consumption of material during the process.
The manufacture by casting is a highly complex process. Despite this, it is still the most economical way to obtain pieces with complex geometries and diverse alloys. The present investigation was directed to determine the minimum real volume of work of an open sprue, for wheel-type steel parts, using simulation as a predictive tool. In this, the general aspects of the process of obtaining castings, defects that originate in it and the main considerations on the methodologies for obtaining the dimensions of the sprues as a central element of the investigation were studied; as well as establishing the main way to achieve the reduction of defects, with its rationalization in terms of consumption of extra material, achieving the increase in technological efficiency. Taking into account methodologies previously consulted, simulations were carried out, which allowed obtaining the most effective work zone for certain work conditions of the sprue. Levels were established for the variables Pouring temperature, Discharge reason and the Coefficient variable, which relates the geometrical aspects of the spillway, obtaining in turn, through an experimental work, the distribution of said variables The statistical processing of the data obtained showed the relationships between the parameters studied and the different regression equations. The results obtained allowed to establish new procedures and work volumes of the springs in order to reduce the consumption of material during the process.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Mazarotas Abiertas, Acero AISI 1040, Fundición de Piezas, Empresa Planta Mecánica, Villa Clara