Evaluación de la capacidad de fitorremediación de cadmio y plomo en suelos aledaños a la Empresa Electroquímica de Sagua
Fecha
2018
Autores
Ruíz Lugones, Beisy
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Facultad de Química Farmacia. Departamento de Licenciatura en Química
Resumen
El presente trabajo está dirigido a evaluar la capacidad de fitorremediación de Cd y Pb del Romerillo Americano en dos suelos aledaños a la Empresa Electroquímica de Sagua (pardo con carbonato y oscuro plástico gleysoso). Primeramente, se realizó la extracción simple de los metales en los suelos usándose dos agentes extractantes: agua y EDTA, observándose que los residuos presentan bajo riesgo de lixiviación, siendo menor la fracción extraída con agua que la extraída con EDTA. Se evaluó la capacidad de remediación de los suelos en un sistema fitorremediador a nivel de laboratorio y en el sitio contaminado. Se obtuvo una mayor concentración de Pb en el extracto con EDTA para ambos suelos, disminuyendo esta concentración después de establecido el sistema fitorremediador y después de sembrada la planta en el suelo pardo con carbonato presente en el sitio contaminado. Posteriormente se realizaron extracciones secuenciales a ambos suelos antes y después de sembrada la planta, demostrándose que en el suelo inicial predominaban las fracciones fitodisponibles, y en el suelo después de sembrada la planta, tanto en el sistema fitorremediador como en el sitio contaminado, la fracción residual. El suelo pardo con carbonatos presentó mayor concentración de metales, debido a la cercanía del mismo a los nichos mercuriales. En todos los experimentos realizados se obtuvo una disminución del factor de contaminación en los suelos, después de sembrada la planta, evidenciando el potencial fitorremediador del Romerillo Americano.
The present research is aimed to evaluate the capacity of phytoremediation of Cd and Pb of the Romerillo Americano in two soils near the Empresa Electroquímica de Sagua (brown with carbonate and dark plastic gleyssous). Firstly, the simple extraction of metals in the soil was carried out using two extraction agents: water and EDTA, and it was observed that the waste presents a low risk of leaching, with a smaller fraction extracted with water than that extracted with EDTA. The remediation capacity of the soils in a phytoremediation system was evaluated at laboratory level and at the contaminated site. A higher concentration of Pb in the EDTA extract was obtained for both soils, decreasing this concentration after the phytoremediation system was established and after the plant was planted in the brown soil with carbonate present in the contaminated site. Subsequently, sequential extractions were carried out on both soils before and after the plant was sown, showing that in the initial soil the phytoavailable fractions predominated, and in the soil after the plant was sown, both in the phytoremediation system and in the contaminated site, the residual fraction. The brown soil with carbonates had a higher concentration of metals, due to its proximity to the mercury niches. In all the experiments carried out, a decrease in the soil contamination factor was obtained after planting the plant, showing the phytoremediation potential of Romerillo Americano.
The present research is aimed to evaluate the capacity of phytoremediation of Cd and Pb of the Romerillo Americano in two soils near the Empresa Electroquímica de Sagua (brown with carbonate and dark plastic gleyssous). Firstly, the simple extraction of metals in the soil was carried out using two extraction agents: water and EDTA, and it was observed that the waste presents a low risk of leaching, with a smaller fraction extracted with water than that extracted with EDTA. The remediation capacity of the soils in a phytoremediation system was evaluated at laboratory level and at the contaminated site. A higher concentration of Pb in the EDTA extract was obtained for both soils, decreasing this concentration after the phytoremediation system was established and after the plant was planted in the brown soil with carbonate present in the contaminated site. Subsequently, sequential extractions were carried out on both soils before and after the plant was sown, showing that in the initial soil the phytoavailable fractions predominated, and in the soil after the plant was sown, both in the phytoremediation system and in the contaminated site, the residual fraction. The brown soil with carbonates had a higher concentration of metals, due to its proximity to the mercury niches. In all the experiments carried out, a decrease in the soil contamination factor was obtained after planting the plant, showing the phytoremediation potential of Romerillo Americano.
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Palabras clave
Empresa Electroquímica de Sagua (ELQUIM), Villa Clara, Romerillo Americano, Potencial Fitorremediador, Impacto Ambiental