Evaluación de la capacidad de fitorremediación de mercurio en suelos aledaños a la UEB Cloro Sosa, perteneciente a la Empresa Electroquímica de Sagua
Fecha
2019
Autores
Bello Torres, Julio Ernesto
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Licenciatura en Química
Resumen
El presente trabajo está dirigido a evaluar la capacidad del Romerillo Americano para fitorremediar suelos aledaños a la UEB Cloro Sosa, perteneciente a la Empresa Electroquímica de Sagua. Se evaluaron dos tipos de suelos: el suelo pardo con carbonato, más cercano a los nichos mercuriales, y el oscuro plástico gleysoso más alejado. Se realizaron extracciones secuenciales por dos métodos, el BCR y el Neculita, a ambos suelos antes y después de sembrada la planta, demostrándose que en el suelo inicial predominaban las fracciones fitodisponibles, y en el suelo después de seis meses de sembrada la planta la fracción residual. El suelo pardo con carbonato presentó mayor concentración de Hg, pero menor movilidad del metal, teniendo un menor factor de contaminación, el cual disminuyó apreciablemente después de sembrada la planta. Se obtuvo una mayor asimilación del mercurio de las fracciones disponibles en el sistema fitorremediador experimental que en el sitio contaminado por las condiciones adversas de este lugar. El suelo Pardo con Carbonatos presentó mayor concentración de mercurio que el oscuro plástico Gleysoso, debido a la cercanía del mismo a los nichos mercuriales. En todos los experimentos realizados se obtuvo una disminución del factor de contaminación en los suelos, después de sembrada la planta, evidenciando el potencial fitorremediador del Romerillo Americano.
The present research is aimed to evaluate the capacity the Romerillo Americano for phytoremediation of mercury of in soils adjacent to the UEB Cloro Sosa belonging to the Electrochemical Company of Sagua. Two types of soils were evaluated: the brown with carbonate soil, closer to the mercurial niches, and the dark plastic gleysoso furthest away. Sequential extractions were carried out by two methods, the BCR and the Neculita, to both soils before and after the planting, showing that in the initial soil predominated the phyto-available fractions, and in the soil after six months of planting the plant the residual fraction. The brown with carbonate soil had a higher concentration of Hg, but less metal mobility, with a lower contamination factor, which decreased appreciably after the plant was planted. There was a greater assimilation of the mercury of the available fractions in the experimental phytoremediation system than in the contaminated site by the adverse conditions of this place. The Brown with Carbonates soil had a higher concentration of mercury than the dark plastic Gleysoso, due to its proximity to the mercury niches. In all the experiments carried out, a reduction in the contamination factor in the soils was obtained, after the planting, evidencing the phytoremediation potential of the Romerillo Americano.
The present research is aimed to evaluate the capacity the Romerillo Americano for phytoremediation of mercury of in soils adjacent to the UEB Cloro Sosa belonging to the Electrochemical Company of Sagua. Two types of soils were evaluated: the brown with carbonate soil, closer to the mercurial niches, and the dark plastic gleysoso furthest away. Sequential extractions were carried out by two methods, the BCR and the Neculita, to both soils before and after the planting, showing that in the initial soil predominated the phyto-available fractions, and in the soil after six months of planting the plant the residual fraction. The brown with carbonate soil had a higher concentration of Hg, but less metal mobility, with a lower contamination factor, which decreased appreciably after the plant was planted. There was a greater assimilation of the mercury of the available fractions in the experimental phytoremediation system than in the contaminated site by the adverse conditions of this place. The Brown with Carbonates soil had a higher concentration of mercury than the dark plastic Gleysoso, due to its proximity to the mercury niches. In all the experiments carried out, a reduction in the contamination factor in the soils was obtained, after the planting, evidencing the phytoremediation potential of the Romerillo Americano.
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Palabras clave
Empresa Electroquímica de Sagua (ELQUIM), Contaminación del Suelo, Remediación, Potencial Fitorremediador, Romerillo Americano