Estudio de la adsorcion y el comportamiento del PH , en la decoloracion de disoluciones azucaradas y jugo de caña con Bentonita
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Fecha
2006-06-25
Autores
Denis Pérez, Rolando
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
El presente trabajo se realizó en el laboratorio de Operaciones Unitarias de la Facultada de
Química – Farmacia y en la Planta Piloto “José Martí”, de la UCLV, ubicada en Santa Clara,
durante el periodo 2005 - 2006, con el objetivo de continuar el estudio de alternativas de
purificación del jugo de caña, encaminadas a mejorar su intensificación y calidad.
Aquí se exponen los resultados del estudio a escala de laboratorio de la adsorción de color
(Isotermas de Adsorción) y del comportamiento del pH en una disolución azucarada, cuando esta
es tratada en diferentes dosis y condiciones operacionales, con Bentonita Natural y Bentonita
Activada por las vías Física y Química.
Se establece y propone una estrategia tecnológica para el proceso de activación de la Bentonita
Natural, la que al desarrollarse a escala de laboratorio permitió obtener el adsorbente a emplear
con mejores propiedades adsortibas con relación a la original. .
Se realiza la caracterización granulométrica de la Bentonita Natural y Activada, la que en
diferentes dosis se aplica a la disolución azucarada de concentración conocida, para la ejecución
de un diseño experimental Factorial completo 23 con variaciones de la temperatura (50 y 800C),
del tiempo (10 y 20 min) y de la frecuencia de agitación (30 y 50 rpm). En cada una de las
experiencias realizadas de esta matriz, así como en otras con agua destilada empleada para la
preparación de las disoluciones, se obtuvieron los datos de pH, con las variaciones del tiempo, y
de las condiciones operacionales.
Se propone un esquema tecnológico de purificación de la Planta Piloto José Martí de la UCLV, a
partir de un esquema flexible de alcalización, para ejecutar la variante en frío, posterior a la mezcla
del jugo con la bentonita activada por la vía química, procediéndose al diseño del tanque agitado
que será necesario incorporar al proceso. Mediante Balances de materiales, consideraciones
técnicas y cálculos ingenieriles, se determinan flujos involucrados, su composición y evaluación
técnico-económica para demostrar que la inversión puede ser recuperada en pocos días de zafra,
o sea en una zafra.
The present work was carried out at the Chemistry-Pharmacy faculty in the Unit Operations laboratory and in the Pilot Plant "José Martí", of the UCLV, located in Santa Clara, during 2005 – 2006, to continue the study of purification alternatives of the sugar cane juice, guided to improve its escalation and quality. The results obtained from color adsorption study (Isotherm of Adsorption), and pH behavior in a sugar solution when it’s treated with different operational conditions and doses of Natural and activated Bentonite are exposed here. A technological strategy for the activation process of the Natural Bentonite, was established and proposed. This strategy was developed at Laboratory scale and allows to obtain the Bentonite with better adsorbent properties. A granulometric characterization of Natural and activated Bentonite was carried out. A factorial experimental design 23 was developed using the Bentonites mentioned above and varying the temperature (50 – 80 ºC), time (10 and 20 min), and agitation frequency (30 – 50 rpm). The pH data was obtained for each one of this matrix experiences varying time and operational conditions, this procedure was used for solutions prepared with distillated water too. A purification flow for “José Martí” Pilot Plant located in the UCLV, is proposed based in a flexible alkalization system, to use cold variant after the mixing sugar cane juice and chemical activated Bentonite, the mixing tank was designed too. All flows and their composition were estimated using chemical engineering principles, mass balances and technical considerations. Finally and economical evaluation was developed, being demonstrated that the inversion is easily recuperated in a short time, that is to say in a harvest.
The present work was carried out at the Chemistry-Pharmacy faculty in the Unit Operations laboratory and in the Pilot Plant "José Martí", of the UCLV, located in Santa Clara, during 2005 – 2006, to continue the study of purification alternatives of the sugar cane juice, guided to improve its escalation and quality. The results obtained from color adsorption study (Isotherm of Adsorption), and pH behavior in a sugar solution when it’s treated with different operational conditions and doses of Natural and activated Bentonite are exposed here. A technological strategy for the activation process of the Natural Bentonite, was established and proposed. This strategy was developed at Laboratory scale and allows to obtain the Bentonite with better adsorbent properties. A granulometric characterization of Natural and activated Bentonite was carried out. A factorial experimental design 23 was developed using the Bentonites mentioned above and varying the temperature (50 – 80 ºC), time (10 and 20 min), and agitation frequency (30 – 50 rpm). The pH data was obtained for each one of this matrix experiences varying time and operational conditions, this procedure was used for solutions prepared with distillated water too. A purification flow for “José Martí” Pilot Plant located in the UCLV, is proposed based in a flexible alkalization system, to use cold variant after the mixing sugar cane juice and chemical activated Bentonite, the mixing tank was designed too. All flows and their composition were estimated using chemical engineering principles, mass balances and technical considerations. Finally and economical evaluation was developed, being demonstrated that the inversion is easily recuperated in a short time, that is to say in a harvest.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Bentonita, Purificación, Planta Piloto “José Martí”, UCLV, Jugo de Caña, Adsorción, Adsorption, Bentonite