Posibilidades del empleo del bagazo de caña de azúcar en la producción de etanol
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Fecha
2007-06-25
Autores
Rodríguez Ovies, Elvis
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
El presente trabajo está encaminado a demostrar que la producción de bioetanol a partir de residuos lignocelulósicos es posible y que la tecnología para su producción a pesar de no ser tan desarrolladas como las utilizadas para la obtención del etanol por las vías tradicionales, sin embargo, se pueden emplear con resultados alentadores. Perseguimos también la meta de lograr gradualmente la sustitución del consumo de combustibles fósiles por biocombustible, tema que se vuelve medular en estos tiempos debido al agotamiento de los hidrocarburos explotados indiscriminadamente durante el decursar de los años. Se pone de manifiesto la factibilidad del empleo de residuos de la industria azucarera (Bagazo), como materia prima abundante y económica, que no afectaría los niveles de producción de alimentos dirigidos a satisfacer las demandas de la población; problema que se afrontan como una de las principales dificultades a vencer en cuanto al uso del etanol como biocombustible. Quedan determinados los pretratamientos a realizar al bagazo con la finalidad de prepararlo para la conversión de la celulosa presente en él a azúcares, que luego se fermentarán a alcoholes.
Con el diseño de los equipos empleados en cada una de las etapas del proceso se demuestra que las dimensiones de estos no se alejan de las posibilidades reales, y se analiza económicamente los costos de inversión así como los costos totales de los productos, para dos capacidades de producción distintas, integrándose esta tecnología a la industria azucarera.
The present paper work this guided to demonstrate that the bioetanol production starting from residuals lignocelulósicos is possible, and that the technology for its production in spite of not being so developed as those used for the obtaining of the ethanol by the traditional roads, it is however, they can be used with encouraging results. We also pursue the goal of achieving the substitution of the consumption of fossil fuels gradually for biocombustible, topic that becomes medullary in these times due to the exhaustion of the hydrocarbons exploded indiscriminately during the decursar of the years. It shows the feasibility of the employment of residuals of the sugar industry (Trash), as matter it prevails abundant and economic that would not affect the levels of production of foods directed to satisfy the population's demands; problem that you/they are confronted like one of the main difficulties to conquer as for the use of the ethanol like biocombustible. They are certain the pretreatmente to carry out to the trash with the purpose of preparing it for the conversion of the present cellulose in the one to you sugar that then were fermented to alcohols. With the design of the teams used in each one of the stages of the process it is demonstrated that the dimensions of these they don't move away from the real possibilities, and it is analyzed the investment costs economically as well as the total costs of the products, for two different production capacities, being integrated this technology to the sugar industry.
The present paper work this guided to demonstrate that the bioetanol production starting from residuals lignocelulósicos is possible, and that the technology for its production in spite of not being so developed as those used for the obtaining of the ethanol by the traditional roads, it is however, they can be used with encouraging results. We also pursue the goal of achieving the substitution of the consumption of fossil fuels gradually for biocombustible, topic that becomes medullary in these times due to the exhaustion of the hydrocarbons exploded indiscriminately during the decursar of the years. It shows the feasibility of the employment of residuals of the sugar industry (Trash), as matter it prevails abundant and economic that would not affect the levels of production of foods directed to satisfy the population's demands; problem that you/they are confronted like one of the main difficulties to conquer as for the use of the ethanol like biocombustible. They are certain the pretreatmente to carry out to the trash with the purpose of preparing it for the conversion of the present cellulose in the one to you sugar that then were fermented to alcohols. With the design of the teams used in each one of the stages of the process it is demonstrated that the dimensions of these they don't move away from the real possibilities, and it is analyzed the investment costs economically as well as the total costs of the products, for two different production capacities, being integrated this technology to the sugar industry.
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Palabras clave
Residuos Sólidos, Industria Azucarera, Bagazo de Caña, Producción de Etanol