Análisis de alternativas para la etapa de destilación de una planta piloto de producción de bioetanol
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Fecha
2006-06-25
Autores
Rosa Delgado, Lismary
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
En este trabajo de investigación se realiza un análisis de la etapa de destilación
para la obtención de bioetanol, para utilizar el mismo en la producción de biodiesel,
como parte del proyecto ARE.
Primeramente se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica donde se realizó un estudio
de los aspectos más importantes del proceso de obtención de bioetanol,
generalidades de la etapa de destilación, los equipos más usados en la misma, así
como la metodología de cálculo para esta etapa, entre otros aspectos.
Luego se realizó un análisis de cada una de las alternativas de diseño de la etapa
de destilación con el objetivo de buscar variantes para disminuir el consumo
energético de la misma diseñando así cada uno de los equipos presentes
(columnas rellenas, columna de platos, condensador, calentadores, enfriador y
caldereta) en cada alternativa, los cuales fueron programados en los software
profesionales Microsoft Excel y PSI. Se pudo determinar la variante más idónea
desde el punto de vista tecnológico a utilizar, para la determinación de la misma nos
apoyamos en los parámetros de diseño más importantes que son la altura y
diámetro de las columnas presentes y por tanto su tamaño.
También se realizó un análisis económico de dichas alternativas para determinar
cuál es la variante más factible a utilizar desde este punto de vista y se realizó un
análisis de las consecuencias que trae para el medio ambiente los residuos
obtenidos en esta etapa. Finalmente se concluye según el análisis de los resultados
que la mejor alternativa es la que emplea una columna destiladora de platos una
rectificadora rellena con monturas intalox y con aprovechamiento de corrientes para
ahorro el energético.
In this work of investigation an analysis of the stage of distillation for the obtaining of bio-ethanol is made, to use the same one in the production of bio-fuel, as it leaves from the ARE project. Firstly a bibliographical revision was carried out where a study of the most important aspects of the process of obtaining of bio-ethanol was made, majorities of the distillation stage, the used equipment more in the same one, as well as the methodology of calculation for this stage, among other aspects. Soon an analysis of each one of the alternatives of design of the stage of distillation with the objective was made to look for variants to diminish the power consumption of the same one being thus designed each one of the present equipment (packed columns, tray column, condenser, heaters, cooler and reboiler) in each alternative, which was programmed in professional software like Microsoft Excel and PSI. The most suitable variant could be determined from the technological point of view to use, for the determination of the same one we leaned in the more important parameters of design that they are the height and diameter of the present columns and therefore its size. Also an economic analysis of these alternatives was made to determine from this point of view, which is the most feasible variant to use. An analysis of the consequences was made that brings for the environment the remainders obtained in this stage. Finally one concludes according to the results analysis of the best alternative is the distilling tray column and packed rectifying column with intalox packed. This alternative present an advantage that approach of current to saving the power one.
In this work of investigation an analysis of the stage of distillation for the obtaining of bio-ethanol is made, to use the same one in the production of bio-fuel, as it leaves from the ARE project. Firstly a bibliographical revision was carried out where a study of the most important aspects of the process of obtaining of bio-ethanol was made, majorities of the distillation stage, the used equipment more in the same one, as well as the methodology of calculation for this stage, among other aspects. Soon an analysis of each one of the alternatives of design of the stage of distillation with the objective was made to look for variants to diminish the power consumption of the same one being thus designed each one of the present equipment (packed columns, tray column, condenser, heaters, cooler and reboiler) in each alternative, which was programmed in professional software like Microsoft Excel and PSI. The most suitable variant could be determined from the technological point of view to use, for the determination of the same one we leaned in the more important parameters of design that they are the height and diameter of the present columns and therefore its size. Also an economic analysis of these alternatives was made to determine from this point of view, which is the most feasible variant to use. An analysis of the consequences was made that brings for the environment the remainders obtained in this stage. Finally one concludes according to the results analysis of the best alternative is the distilling tray column and packed rectifying column with intalox packed. This alternative present an advantage that approach of current to saving the power one.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Destilación, Distillation, Obtención de Bioetanol, Consumo de Energía, Energy Consumption, Proyecto ARE, Etanol, Ethanol