Valoración del impacto sobre la calidad del aire en la ciudad de Santa Clara de la generación de electricidad con grupos electrógenos a base de combustible fuel oil
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Fecha
2011-07-20
Autores
Ocaña Reyes, Yasel
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
El presente trabajo se realizó en una zona donde están ubicadas fuentes fija del sector de la energía de la ciudad de Santa Clara que presentan como combustible de trabajo fuel oil, estas instalaciones reciben el nombre de Santa Clara 110kV y Santa Clara Industrial, el objetivo que se trazó fue valorar el impacto sobre la calidad del aire en la ciudad de Santa Clara de la generación de electricidad con grupos electrógenos a base de fuel oil. En el trabajo se determinaron los diferentes regimenes de carga y por ciento de carga al cual trabajaron los motores en el año 2010, obteniéndose los meses de mayor y menor operación en horas-motor para la planta, siendo los meses de septiembre y abril respectivamente. Se realizó un inventario de emisiones para las dos instalaciones de los gases de contaminación atmosférica NOX, SO2, CO y PM10 para los días promedios seleccionados anuales, de mayor y menor régimen de operación para la planta. Los valores obtenidos en cuanto a emisiones se
encuentran por debajo de la norma cubana. Posteriormente se utilizó un software de modelación de contaminantes ISCST3 para determinar los niveles de inmisiones en las de cercanías de las áreas de estudio, las modelaciones se realizaron en el caso del NOX para el régimen de operación promedio del año alcanzándose valores mayores en aproximadamente 4 la norma cubana NC-TS 111:2010, y en el caso del SO2 se realizo la modelación para el dia máximo de horas-motor de la planta, obteniéndose también valores muy por encima a lo que plantea la norma para contenidos de deposición de contaminantes en lugares para el periodo de 24h. Se propuso una alternativa para disminuir estos niveles de concentración aumentándole la altura a la chimenea auxiliándonos del software de 12m vigente a 18m, alcanzándose reducciones en los niveles de NOX en aproximadamente un 20%.
The present work was carried out in an area where sources are located it fixes of the sector of the energy of Santa Clara's city that you/they present as fuel of work fuel oil, these facilities they receive Santa Clara's name 110kV and Santa Industrial Clara, the objective that was traced was to value the impact about the quality of the air in the city of Santa Clara of the electricity generation with groups electrogenos with the help of fuel oil. In the work the different load régimes and load percent were determined which the motors worked in the year 2010, being obtained the months of more and smaller operation in hour-motor for the plant, being respectively the months of September and April. He/she was carried out an inventory of emissions for the two facilities of the gases of atmospheric contamination NOX, SO2, CO and PM10 for the day’s annual selected averages, of more and smaller operation régime for the plant. The values obtained as for emissions are below the Cuban norm. Later on a software of modelation of polluting ISCST3 was used to determine the inmision levels in those of proximities of the study areas, the modelations was carried out in the case of the NOX for the régime of operation average of the year reaching you bigger values in approximately 4 the Cuban norm NC-TS 111:2010, and in the case of the SO2 one carries out the modelation for the maximum day of hour-motor of the plant, being also obtained values very for above to what outlines the norm for contents of deposition of pollutants in places for the period of 24h. He/she intended an alternative to diminish these concentration levels increasing him the height to the chimney aiding us from the effective software of 12m to 18m, being reached reductions in the levels of NOX in approximately 20%.
The present work was carried out in an area where sources are located it fixes of the sector of the energy of Santa Clara's city that you/they present as fuel of work fuel oil, these facilities they receive Santa Clara's name 110kV and Santa Industrial Clara, the objective that was traced was to value the impact about the quality of the air in the city of Santa Clara of the electricity generation with groups electrogenos with the help of fuel oil. In the work the different load régimes and load percent were determined which the motors worked in the year 2010, being obtained the months of more and smaller operation in hour-motor for the plant, being respectively the months of September and April. He/she was carried out an inventory of emissions for the two facilities of the gases of atmospheric contamination NOX, SO2, CO and PM10 for the day’s annual selected averages, of more and smaller operation régime for the plant. The values obtained as for emissions are below the Cuban norm. Later on a software of modelation of polluting ISCST3 was used to determine the inmision levels in those of proximities of the study areas, the modelations was carried out in the case of the NOX for the régime of operation average of the year reaching you bigger values in approximately 4 the Cuban norm NC-TS 111:2010, and in the case of the SO2 one carries out the modelation for the maximum day of hour-motor of the plant, being also obtained values very for above to what outlines the norm for contents of deposition of pollutants in places for the period of 24h. He/she intended an alternative to diminish these concentration levels increasing him the height to the chimney aiding us from the effective software of 12m to 18m, being reached reductions in the levels of NOX in approximately 20%.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Contaminación Atmosférica, Combustión, Lluvia Ácida, Combustible, Santa Clara, Grupos Electrógenos